48 resultados para Ethnologie -- Lesotho

em BORIS: Bern Open Repository and Information System - Berna - Suiça


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Introduction: Lesotho was among the first countries to adopt decentralization of care from hospitals to nurse-led health centres (HCs) to scale up the provision of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We compared outcomes between patients who started ART at HCs and hospitals in two rural catchment areas in Lesotho. Methods: The two catchment areas comprise two hospitals and 12 HCs. Patients ≥16 years starting ART at a hospital or HC between 2008 and 2011 were included. Loss to follow-up (LTFU) was defined as not returning to the facility for ≥180 days after the last visit, no follow-up (no FUP) as not returning after starting ART, and retention in care as alive and on ART at the facility. The data were analysed using logistic regression, competing risk regression and Kaplan-Meier methods. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for sex, age, CD4 cell count, World Health Organization stage, catchment area and type of ART. All analyses were stratified by gender. Results: Of 3747 patients, 2042 (54.5%) started ART at HCs. Both women and men at hospitals had more advanced clinical and immunological stages of disease than those at HCs. Over 5445 patient-years, 420 died and 475 were LTFU. Kaplan-Meier estimates for three-year retention were 68.7 and 69.7% at HCs and hospitals, respectively, among women (p=0.81) and 68.8% at HCs versus 54.7% at hospitals among men (p<0.001). These findings persisted in adjusted analyses, with similar retention at HCs and hospitals among women (odds ratio (OR): 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73-1.09) and higher retention at HCs among men (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.20-1.96). The latter result was mainly driven by a lower proportion of patients LTFU at HCs (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51-0.93). Conclusions: In rural Lesotho, overall retention in care did not differ significantly between nurse-led HCs and hospitals. However, men seemed to benefit most from starting ART at HCs, as they were more likely to remain in care in these facilities compared to hospitals.

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Die Zukunft der Ethnologie liegt in einer Perspektive der Tragödie. Mit dem Begriff der Tragödie soll eine gesellschaftstheoretische Perspektive entwickelt werden, die Mikroanalysen der Verflechtung, der Entkoppelungsprozesse, der Konstitution von Figurationen, und das kontingente Zusammenfallen unterschiedlicher Handlungslogiken in Situationen erfasst. Die Tragödie behandelt die tragische Kollision von unvereinbaren Positionen; sie handelt von den Dilemmata, und vom Ineinanderwirken verflochtener aber eventuell widersprüchlicher Handlungen, die ihren eigenen Logiken, Zielsetzungen und Wertigkeiten folgen und in der Summe etwas anderes produzieren, als sie intendieren. Die Ethnologie ist prädestiniert für die Untersuchung solcher Verkettungen, weil diese nur in Mikroanalysen, in denen alle Phasen/Stationen/Interaktionen solcher Prozesse in den Blick kommen, sichtbar sind, Mikroanalysen freilich, die sich als Mikroanalysen der Konstitution eines Makrozusammenhangs verstehen. Damit wird ein Kritikbegriff möglich, der nicht Absichten, nicht „Gesinnungen“, sondern Konsequenzen in den Blick nimmt (ohne die Relevanz von Gesinnungen zu negieren), und der Zusammenhänge in Hinblick auf die Verkettung von Entscheidungsprozessen und deren polyvalenten Orientierungen befragt – und somit auch die möglichen Alternativen, die zu bestimmten Punkten im Prozess tatsächlich möglich waren.