The Impact of Individual-Level Cultural Perceptions on Entrepreneurial Behavior

Entrepreneurial intention scholars have increasingly been investigating the link between entrepreneurial intentions and behaviour. While a solid empirical link has been confirmed, there is still a lack of in-depth theorizing about the underlying conceptual mechanisms. We address this gap by arguing that individual-level perceptions of cultural practices moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial intentions and behaviour. Investigating a longitudinal sample of 1’511 individuals from 13 countries reveals negative moderation effects of perceptions of power distance and collectivism in society and thus confirms our theorizing. This study provides valuable contributions to literatures of entrepreneurship and international business.

Gründungsausbildung und Gründungsabsicht: eine empirische Untersuchung an der TU Dortmund

Für das wirtschaftliche Wachstum und die Innovationskraft einer Volkswirtschaft sind junge Unternehmen von herausragender Bedeutung. Ein wichtiges Ziel von Politik und Wirtschaft muss folglich die Sensibilisierung und Förderung potenzieller Gründer sein. Die vorliegende Untersuchung geht der Frage nach, ob eine universitäre Gründungsausbildung die Gründungsabsicht von Studierenden positiv beeinflussen kann. Aufbauend auf dem intentionsbasierten Modell von Krueger /Carsrud (1993) wurden im Rahmen einer Befragung an der TU Dortmund 111 Studierende der Wirtschaftswissenschaften zu ihren Gründungsabsichten befragt. Es zeigte sich, dass die Gründungsabsicht durch den Besuch von Veranstaltungen zum Gründungsmanagement deutlich gesteigert werden kann. Für die deutsche Wirtschafts- und Bildungspolitik ergibt sich aus den Ergebnissen die Handlungsempfehlung, die universitäre Gründungsausbildung auszubauen und intensiv zu fördern.

Applying prospect theory to predict new venture creation

Although prior research on new venture creation has identified several antecedents that differentiate entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurs, scholars still have an incomplete understanding of the factors and decision processes that lead an individual to become an entrepreneur. By applying prospect theory, we introduce the reference point as an important antecedent of new venture creation. Testing our research model and hypotheses with entrepreneurs and employees, results show that entrepreneurs set more aspiring reference points and therefore find themselves more often in a perceived loss situation. Results are also robust when testing for entrepreneurial intention of business graduate students. According to prospect theory, the perceived loss triggers more risk-seeking behavior. Summing up, the reference point has a positive effect on new venture creation and differentiates entrepreneurs from nonentrepreneurs. We discuss theoretical and managerial implications of the findings and develop avenues for future research.

Work values as predictors of entrepreneurial career intentions: A longitudinal analysis of gender effects.

Purpose – Work values are an important characteristic to understand gender differences in career intentions, but how gender affects the relationship between values and career intentions is not well established. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether gender moderates the effects of work values on level and change of entrepreneurial intentions (EI). Design/methodology/approach – In total, 218 German university students were sampled regarding work values and with EI assessed three times over the course of 12 months. Data were analysed with latent growth modelling. Findings – Self‐enhancement and openness to change values predicted higher levels and conservation values lower levels of EI. Gender moderated the effects of enhancement and conservation values on change in EI. Research limitations/implications – The authors relied on self‐reported measures and the sample was restricted to university students. Future research needs to verify to what extent these results generalize to other samples and different career fields, such as science or nursing. Practical implications – The results imply that men and women are interested in an entrepreneurial career based on the same work values but that values have different effects for men and women regarding individual changes in EI. The results suggest that the prototypical work values of a career domain seem important regarding increasing the career intent for the gender that is underrepresented in that domain. Originality/value – The results enhance understanding of how gender affects the relation of work values and a specific career intention, such as entrepreneurship.

Benefit of immediate revascularization in women with critical limb ischemia in an intention-to-treat analysis

Evidence for the best treatment strategy in women with critical limb ischemia (CLI) is limited and controversial with studies contradicting each other. Therefore, we determined the benefit of immediate revascularization compared to medical therapy (MT) with optional delayed revascularization in men and women with CLI.