Form Justified Emotions to Justified Evaluative Judgements

Are there justified emotions? Can they justify evaluative judgements? We first explain the need for an account of justified emotions by emphasizing that emotions are states for which we have or lack reasons. We then observe that emotions are explained by their cognitive and motivational bases. Considering cognitive bases first, we argue that an emotion is justified if and only if the properties the subject is aware of constitute an instance of the relevant evaluative property. We then investigate the roles of motivational bases. Finally, we argue that justified emotions are sufficient for justified evaluative judgements.

[Smoking and digestive tract: a complex relationship. Part 2: Intestinal microblota and cigarette smoking]

The digestive tract is colonized from birth by a bacterial population called the microbiota which influences the development of the immune system. Modifications in its composition are associated with problems such as obesity or inflammatory bowel diseases. Antibiotics are known to influence the intestinal microbiota but other environmental factors such as cigarette smoking also seem to have an impact on its composition. This influence might partly explain weight gain which is observed after smoking cessation. Indeed there is a modification of the gut microbiota which becomes similar to that of obese people with a microbiotical profile which is more efficient to extract calories from ingested food. These new findings open new fields of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches through the regulation of the microbiota.

Connecteurs pragmatiques et métareprésentation: l’exemple de parce que

L’objectif principal de cet article est de montrer que certains emplois des connecteurs pragmatiques nécessitent la construction d’une métareprésentation. Nous verrons d’abord que les capacités humaines de métareprésentation sont diverses et montrerons ensuite que cette diversité se retrouve dans les différents types d’emplois des connecteurs. Nous proposerons une esquisse de modèle qui rend compte de cette propriété des connecteurs dans le cadre de la théorie de la pertinence. Enfin, nous testerons la validité de notre modèle en présentant des données dans le domaine de l’acquisition du langage, plus particulièrement sur la production de parce que chez des enfants entre deux et quatre ans.