Periodontal conditions in Swiss army recruits: a comparative study between the years 1985, 1996 and 2006

AIM: To compare the periodontal conditions of Swiss Army recruits in 2006 with those of previous surveys in 1996 and 1985. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of six hundred and twenty-six Swiss Army recruits were examined for their periodontal conditions, caries prevalence, stomatological and functional aspects of the masticatory system and halitosis. In particular, this report deals with demographic data, the assessment of plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI) and pocket probing depth (PPD). RESULTS: Two per cent of all teeth were missing, resulting in a mean of 27.44 teeth per subject, and 77% of the missing teeth were the result of pre-molar extractions due to orthodontic indications. The mean PlI and GI were 1.33 and 1.23, respectively. On average, 27% of the gingival units bled on probing. The mean PPD was 2.16 mm (SD 0.64). Only 3.8% of the recruits showed at least one site of PPD > or = 5 mm, and 1.4% yielded more than one site with PPD > or = 5 mm. In comparison with previous, this survey yielded lower bleeding on probing (BOP) percentages than in 1985, but slightly higher scores than in 1996. This may be attributed to increased PlI scores in 2006. However, PPD remained essentially unaltered from 1996 to 2006 after having improved significantly from 1985. CONCLUSION: A significant improvement of the periodontal conditions of young Swiss males was demonstrated to have taken place between 1985 and 1996, but no further changes during the last decade were noticed.

Treatment of relapsing acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. III. Experiences with 54 first bone marrow, nine isolated testicular, and eight isolated central nervous system relapses observed 1985-1989

Of 54 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and first hematological recurrence observed between 1985 and 1989, 31 relapsed while still on treatment and 23 after cessation of therapy. Of the former, only one survived. Of the latter, 11 children survived after a minimum follow-up of 25 months. During the same period, a first isolated testicular relapse was observed in nine boys, of whom six survived, and an isolated CNS relapse in eight patients, of whom three survived. As a rule, survivors of a bone marrow or testicular relapse were doing well while those surviving a CNS relapse had considerable neuropsychological sequelae. These results, compared with those of two preceding studies, suggest that with intensification of front-line treatments, it becomes more difficult to rescue children who relapse, particularly those with a bone marrow relapse while on therapy.

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Das vorliegende Heft beinhaltet drei Vorträge der Vorlesungsreihe ‹Das Mittelmeer – Mare nostrum?›, die das Berner Mittelalterzentrum im Frühjahrssemester 2012 durchführte. Dabei wurden aus der jeweiligen Perspektive der beteiligten Disziplinen unterschiedliche Aspekte angesprochen, die in Korrelation mit diversen Begriffen standen, durch die das Mittelmeer seit der Antike bezeichnet wurde: vom ‹Großen Grün› im alten Ägypten zum ‹Mare Nostrum› in der römischen Antike, vom ‹Grossen Meer› der Juden im Mittelalter bis zum provokanten Titel ‹Corrupting Sea› in der jüngeren Forschung. Seit Fernand Braudel wurde der Mittelmeerraum als eine Einheit in der Vielfalt beschrieben. Während der französische Gelehrte Historie noch als eine Geschichte ‹ohne Namen› verstand und die kulturellen Verflechtungen, Überlagerungen und Gegensätze der nördlichen und südlichen Anrainerstaaten des Mittelmeers aus der jeweiligen landschaftlichen und geopolitischen Situation abzuleiten vermochte, neigt die jüngere Forschung dazu, diese Entwicklungen unter sozialhistorischen und anthropologischen Gesichtspunkten zu erklären, die von Menschen und deren kulturellem Austausch handeln. Eine Kulturanthropologie des Mittelmeers verschreibt sich der Aufdeckung und Analyse von Verhaltenskulturen an den Rändern kultureller Zentren. Dabei wird ‹Rand› nicht als eindimensionale Grenzlinie, sondern als Summe topographisch beschreibbarer Kulturräume jenseits staatlicher Beschränkungen verstanden. Der Beitrag von Jean-Marie Martin (CNRS, ehemals Ecole française de Rome) befasst sich unter diesem Aspekt mit der Rolle Siziliens und seiner geographischen Lage zwischen Italien und Afrika im Zeitraum von der byzantinischen zur staufischen Herrschaft. Stephan Conermann (Universität Bonn) behandelt die Mamlukenherrschaft in Ägypten und Syrien und setzt dabei Maßstäbe für eine globalgeschichtliche Betrachtungsweise. Beschlossen wird die Reihe der Beiträge von Arnold Esch (ehemals Direktor des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom), der mit der ihm eigenen Kunst historischer Vergegenwärtigung eine verbindende Betrachtung der Kommunikations- und Handelswege im Mittelmeerraum des 15. Jahrhunderts leistet.

Architectural Developments in Sungai Tenang, 1902-2013

This paper treats the architectural developments in Sungai Tenang since the occupation by the Netherland's Indies in 1902 until the present. During this time great changes have occurred, among them the virtual disappearance of the traditional houses with carved planks. At the same time, much of the architectural developments can be described as the evolution of a still basically Austronesian house structure. Both these changes and the continuities merit close scrutiny, since they together reflect the persistence of the house as a powerful symbolic form that is capable of expressing changing social structures and cultural values. Up to the present, architecture in Sungai Tenang, in spite of its often modern outward appearance, is still by and large vernacular in the sense that its constructive means, its symbolic forms and its uses are firmly rooted in local traditions.

Architectural Developments in Sungai Tenang, 1902-2013

This paper treats the architectural developments in Sungai Tenang since the occupation by the Netherland's Indies in 1902 until the present. During this time great changes have occurred, among them the virtual disappearance of the traditional houses with carved planks. At the same time, much of the architectural developments can be described as the evolution of a still basically Austronesian house structure. Both these changes and the continuities merit close scrutiny, since they together reflect the persistence of the house as a powerful symbolic form that is capable of expressing changing social structures and cultural values. Up to the present, architecture in Sungai Tenang, in spite of its often modern outward appearance, is still by and large vernacular in the sense that its constructive means, its symbolic forms and its uses are firmly rooted in local traditions.