La harpe irlandaise. Les arts dans La Parole errante

La Parole errante, l’œuvre nodale d’Armand Gatti, «œuvre-monde» au sens de F. Moretti, s’inscrit dans l’épique moderne et constitue une épopée, lacunaire et discontinue, de l’art du XXe siècle, tout en évoquant les projets cinématographiques et théâtraux qu’a menés Gatti tout autour de la terre. Dans les deux cas, l’art est vu comme vie. Les évocations des avant-gardes ne reprennent pas le récit qu’elles se sont donné d’elles-mêmes en soulignant leurs ruptures. Inscrites dans une poétique générale de choralité, elles interviennent avec de très nombreuses mentions d’artistes antérieurs au XXe siècle et extérieurs au monde occidental, formant une sorte de chœur où les divers arts se répondent, mais avec des dissonances.

Avant-garde or supplement? Advisory bodies of transnational associations as alternatives to the League’s Minority Protection System, 1919-1939

This exegesis focuses on the work of minority committees of transnational associations in the interwar period. Most of their members considered the League system to be inefficient and supported the establishment of non-state alternatives, which included private investigations on the spot, publicity for specific problems of minorities, and attempts to reconcile representatives of ethnic minorities with those of the majority. Members of non-involved states were pre-destined especially to act as neutral moderators. Only those in close contact with League officials avoided being misused by political forces that did not seek reconciliation but border revision. They learnt that the League rules looked inadequate from the outside but turned out to be useful in coming to applicable solutions once they started their own alternative methods. Their publications and investigative journeys turned out to deepen the problems, whilst their reconciliation work became an appreciated supplement of the League system.