87 resultados para defect revolution


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BackgroundThe present preliminary study describes concentration time courses of the NSAID carprofen in the plasma and synovial fluid in a microfrature sheep model after transcutaneous treatments with a novel application device (Vetdrop®). To treat circumscribed inflammatory processes a transcutaneous application device could potentially be beneficial. After transcutaneous application normally lower systemic concentrations are measured which may reduce the incidence of side effects, whereas efficacy is still maintained.In this study carprofen was used based on its capacity to provide analgesia after orthopaedic procedures in sheep and it is considered that it may have a positive influence on the healing of cartilage in low concentrations.ResultsIn all transcutaneously treated animals, carprofen plasma concentrations exceeded those of synovial fluid, although plasma levels remained significantly reduced (300-fold) as compared to carprofen administered intravenously. Furthermore, in contrast to the intravenously treated animals, a modest accumulation of carprofen in plasma and synovial fluid was observed in the transcutaneously treated animals over the 6-week treatment period.ConclusionsThe transcutaneously administered carprofen using the Vetdrop® device penetrated the skin and both, plasma- and synovial concentrations could be measured repeatedly over time. This novel device may be considered a valuable transcutaneous drug delivery system.

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Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts veraenderte die Dampfmaschine den Transportsektor, die Produktion und viele andere Bereiche der Wirtschaft grundlegend. Aufgrund der Erfindung der Spinnmaschinen konnte die Garnproduktion um ein Vielfaches erhoeht werden, mit Wasser und Dampf konnten Webmaschinen betrieben werden, der Wohlstand der Bevoelkerung wuchs. Gleichzeitig verloren viele Arbeiter ihre Jobs als Spinner, Weber oder Faerber, es gab Proteste und Aufstaende. Nach dieser ersten industriellen Revolution folgte mit der Elektrifizierung Ende 19. Jahrhundert die zweite Revolution. Wieder gewann die Gesellschaft als Ganzes an Wohlstand, aber viele Menschen verloren ihr Einkommen. Die dritte industrielle Revolution folgte Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts mit den Informationstechnologien. Und nur wenig spaeter befinden wir uns bereits an der Schwelle zur vierten industriellen Revolution, der Vernetzung physischer und digitaler Systeme.

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Artists have spent a century claiming Egypt for the Egyptians. Now the powerful murals of January 25 have created a new public space dedicated to every citizen.