Cosmos and Colonialism. Alexander von Humboldt in Cultural Criticism

Alexander von Humboldt explored the Spanish Empire on the verge of its collapse (1799–1804). He is the most significant German travel writer and the most important mediator between Europe and the Americas of the nineteenth century. His works integrated knowledge from two dozen domains. Today, he is at the center of debates on imperial discourse, postcolonialism, and globalization. This collection of fifty essays brings together a range of responses, many presented here for the first time in English. Authors from Schiller, Chateaubriand, Sarmiento, and Nietzsche, to Robert Musil, Kurt Tucholsky, Ernst Bloch, and Alejo Carpentier paint the historical background. Essays by contemporary travel writers and recent critics outline the current controversies on Humboldt. The source materials collected here will be indispensable to scholars of German, French, and Latin and North American literature as well as cultural and postcolonial studies, history, art history, and the history of science.

Armut und Bildungschancen. Auswirkungen von Niedrigeinkommen auf den Schulerfolg am Beispiel des Übergangs von der Grundschule auf weiterführende Schulstufen

Wie die Armutsforschung belegt, sind Familien mit minderjährigen Kindern vergleichsweise hohen Armutsrisiken ausgesetzt. Vornehmlich in jüngster Zeit — in Westdeutschland seit den 80er-Jahren und in Ostdeutschland seit Anfang der 90er-Jahre — ist der Anteil der in Armut lebenden Familien gestiegen. Von Armut betroffen sind hauptsächlich solche Familien, in denen mindestens ein Elternteil arbeitslos ist, und Alleinerziehende, die wegen der Fürsorge für ihre minderjährigen Kinder nur eingeschränkt erwerbstätig sein können. Daher haben wir es in Deutschland mit einer wachsenden strukturellen Armut der Kinder aufgrund der Arbeitslosigkeit von Eltern und/oder defizitärer Einkommenslagen des Elternhauses zu tun. Immer mehr Kinder und Jugendliche machen einschneidende Erfahrungen mit den prekären Einkommenslagen ihrer Familien und den daraus resultierenden Folgen. Kinder werden „Opfer“ der ökonomischen Situation ihres Elternhauses und haben unter dieser Situation zu leiden. Neuere empirische Studien zeigen, dass eingeschränkte ökonomische Ressourcen nicht nur die Gestaltung des Alltags von Kindern, sondern langfristig auch deren persönliche Entwicklung und zukünftige Lebenschancen beeinträchtigen.

Die historische und ekklesiologische Tiefe voll ausschöpfen. Respons zum Beitrag von Dorothea Sattler

This contribution responds to Dorothea Sattler’s thoughts about ecclesiology in an ecumenical context. First it describes in short the influence of Kurt Stalder’s theology for his generation of Old Catholic theologians, parish priests and lay people, as well as his contribution to the ecumenical theology in the 20th century. After that the author reacts on the three parts of Sattler’s contribution: on the Petrine function, on the apostolicity of ministry and on contemporary plurality and the unity of the church.

Preexisting Cerebral Microbleeds on Susceptibility-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Post-Thrombolysis Bleeding Risk in 392 Patients

Background and Purpose—The question whether cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) visible on MRI in acute stroke increase the risk for intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) or worse outcome after thrombolysis is unresolved. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of CMB detected with pretreatment susceptibility-weighted MRI on ICH occurrence and outcome. Methods—From 2010 to 2013 we treated 724 patients with intravenous thrombolysis, endovascular therapy, or intravenous thrombolysis followed by endovascular therapy. A total of 392 of the 724 patients were examined with susceptibility-weighted MRI before treatment. CMBs were rated retrospectively. Multivariable regression analysis was used to determine the impact of CMB on ICH and outcome. Results—Of 392 patients, 174 were treated with intravenous thrombolysis, 150 with endovascular therapy, and 68 with intravenous thrombolysis followed by endovascular therapy. CMBs were detected in 79 (20.2%) patients. Symptomatic ICH occurred in 21 (5.4%) and asymptomatic in 75 (19.1%) patients, thereof 61 (15.6%) bleedings within and 35 (8.9%) outside the infarct. Neither the existence of CMB, their burden, predominant location nor their presumed pathogenesis influenced the risk for symptomatic or asymptomatic ICH. A higher CMB burden marginally increased the risk for ICH outside the infarct (P=0.048; odds ratio, 1.004; 95% confidence interval, 1.000–1.008). Conclusions—CMB detected on pretreatment susceptibility-weighted MRI did not increase the risk for ICH or worsen outcome, even when CMB burden, predominant location, or presumed pathogenesis was considered. There was only a small increased risk for ICH outside the infarct with increasing CMB burden that does not advise against thrombolysis in such patients.