A1.40 Adiponektin and resistin levels in pregnant patients with rheumatoid arthritis

BACKGROUND Pregnancy induces a modulation of the maternal immune system in order to install tolerance towards the semiallogeneic fetus. This change of the maternal immune systems influences some autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a positive way. Our previous study showed that genes of the adipocytokine pathway were differently regulated by pregnancy as well as by RA. The objective of this study was to analyse the association between pregnancy induced improvement of RA and changes of adipocytokine levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adiponectin and resistin levels were measured in sera of pregnant (n = 29) and non-pregnant (n = 24) RA patients as well as in pregnant (n = 26) and non-pregnant (n = 9) healthy controls by ELISA. Pregnant RA patients were analysed before conception, once at each trimester and 8 weeks postpartum. Disease activity was measured by CRP and DAS28-CRP. RESULTS Resistin levels were higher in non-pregnant RA patients than in healthy controls. Resistin levels increased during pregnancy and decreased postpartum in both healthy subjects and RA patients. However, RA patients with active disease during pregnancy showed higher resistin levels at the third trimester than healthy women. There was a positive correlation between resistin levels and CRP. Adiponektin levels increased at the second trimester of pregnancy and decreased thereafter in both healthy subject and RA patients. There was no difference between patients and healthy subjects. Adiponektin levels of RA patients negatively correlated with CRP. CONCLUSION Pregnancy induces an increase of both the resistin and the adiponectin levels. Resistin levels are further influenced by active disease. By contrast, the increase of the adiponectin levels at the second trimester might play a role in the modulation of disease activity of RA.

Die immerwährende Frage der Bildungsungleichheit im neuen Gewand. Abschliessende Gedanken

Die Ungleichheit von Bildungschancen ist ein Dauerthema in der empirischen Bildungsforschung, dem in den vergangenen Jahren auch in der Bildungspolitik wieder besondere Aufmerksamkeit beigemessen wird. Abgesehen davon, dass nach den kontroversen Debatten über Bildungsungleichheiten in den 1960er Jahren (siehe dazu Müller 1998) in den letzten 40 Jahren mehr oder weniger kontinuierlich geforscht und publiziert wurde, hat — nachdem das fachliche und öffentliche Interesse an Bildungsungleichheit in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren deutlich erlahmte — in den 1990er Jahr die Produktivität der sozialstrukturell orientierten und lebensverlaufstheoretisch fundierten Bildungssoziologie und auch die Aufmerksamkeit an ihren Befunde zugenommen. Ihre Ergebnisse lassen sich nicht alleine an den methodischen Entwicklungen (Schimpl-Neimanns 2000; Becker 2000; Henz und Maas 1995), der Auswertung von neueren Massen- und Längsschnittdaten mit ausgefeilten statistischen Verfahren (Müller und Haun 1994; Mayer und Blossfeld 1990; Blossfeld 1988) und der groß angelegten internationalen Vergleiche (Shavit und Blossfeld 1993) ablesen, sondern auch in der Weiterentwicklung theoretischer Ansätze, die den Anspruch vertreten, Ursachen sowie Mechanismen und Prozesse von Bildungsungleichheiten präziser zu benennen als dies bislang der Fall war (siehe Einleitung von Becker und Lauterbach in diesem Band). In der universitären Forschung selbst sind seitdem eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Projektvorhaben in Gang gesetzt worden, die sich zum Ziel gesetzt haben, diese Theorieansätze empirisch anzuwenden, um Entstehung und Reproduktion von Bildungsungleichheiten umfassend zu beschreiben und zu erklären (siehe Becker in diesem Band sowie Becker 2006). Zudem hat die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) im Jahre 2002 mit dem erklärten Ziel, einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Situation der empirischen Bildungsforschung zu leisten, die Förderinitiative „Forschergruppen in der Empirischen Bildungsforschung“ beschlossen (DFG 2005).

64Cu- and 68Ga-labelled [Nle(14),Lys(40)(Ahx-NODAGA)NH2]-exendin-4 for pancreatic beta cell imaging in rats.

PURPOSE Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a molecular target for imaging of pancreatic beta cells. We compared the ability of [Nle(14),Lys(40)(Ahx-NODAGA-(64)Cu)NH2]-exendin-4 ([(64)Cu]NODAGA-exendin-4) and [Nle(14),Lys(40)(Ahx-NODAGA-(68)Ga)NH2]-exendin-4 ([(68)Ga]NODAGA-exendin-4) to detect native pancreatic islets in rodents. PROCEDURES The stability, lipophilicity and affinity of the radiotracers to the GLP-1R were determined in vitro. The biodistribution of the tracers was assessed using autoradiography, ex vivo biodistribution and PET imaging. Estimates for human radiation dosimetry were calculated. RESULTS We found GLP-1R-specific labelling of pancreatic islets. However, the pancreas could not be visualised in PET images. The highest uptake of the tracers was observed in the kidneys. Effective dose estimates for [(64)Cu]NODAGA-exendin-4 and [(68)Ga]NODAGA-exendin-4 were 0.144 and 0.012 mSv/MBq, respectively. CONCLUSION [(64)Cu]NODAGA-exendin-4 might be more effective for labelling islets than [(68)Ga]NODAGA-exendin-4. This is probably due to the lower specific radioactivity of [(68)Ga]NODAGA-exendin-4 compared to [(64)Cu]NODAGA-exendin-4. The radiation dose in the kidneys may limit the use of [(64)Cu]NODAGA-exendin-4 as a clinical tracer.

40 ans et en crise

Un coup d’œil dans le rétroviseur, la conscience du temps qui passe, l’émergence de doutes, une envie de renouveau… L’entrée dans la quarantaine questionne, remue et secoue parfois jusqu’à la crise existentielle. Qu’est-ce qui se joue au mitan de la vie? Les réponses de Pasqualina Perrig-Chiello, professeure de psychologie à l'Université de Berne et cheffe de projet au Pôle de recherche national LIVES.

Comparative therapeutic value of post-remission approaches in patients with acute myeloid leukemia aged 40-60 years.

The preferred type of post-remission therapy (PRT) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1) is a subject of continued debate, especially in patients at higher risk of nonrelapse mortality (NRM), including patients >40 years of age. We report results of a time-dependent multivariable analysis of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) (n=337) versus chemotherapy (n=271) or autologous HSCT (autoHSCT) (n=152) in 760 patients aged 40-60 years with AML in CR1. Patients receiving alloHSCT showed improved overall survival (OS) as compared with chemotherapy (respectively, 57±3% vs 40±3% at 5 years, P<0.001). Comparable OS was observed following alloHSCT and autoHSCT in patients with intermediate-risk AML (60±4 vs 54±5%). However, alloHSCT was associated with less relapse (hazard ratio (HR) 0.51, P<0.001) and better relapse-free survival (RFS) (HR 0.74, P=0.029) as compared with autoHSCT in intermediate-risk AMLs. AlloHSCT was applied following myeloablative conditioning (n=157) or reduced intensity conditioning (n=180), resulting in less NRM, but comparable outcome with respect to OS, RFS and relapse. Collectively, these results show that alloHSCT is to be preferred over chemotherapy as PRT in patients with intermediate- and poor-risk AML aged 40-60 years, whereas autoHSCT remains a treatment option to be considered in patients with intermediate-risk AML.Leukemia advance online publication, 23 December 2014; doi:10.1038/leu.2014.332.