Dokumente der Berner Reformation: Disputationsthesen, Reformationsmandat und Synodus

Um ihrer Identität willen beziehen sich Kirchen immer wieder auf Texte aus ihrer Geschichte, vor allem aus ihrer Gründungsgeschichte. Sie sind sich bewusst, dass in diesen Dokumenten grundlegende Entscheidungen festgehalten sind, die für ihr Selbstverständnis nach wie vor relevant sind. Im Gespräch mit diesen Texten kann für die eigene Gegenwart geklärt werden, wie Kirchen ihren Auftrag wahrnehmen und wie Christen ihr Glauben und Leben ausgestalten können. In diesem Buch werden die drei zentralen Dokumente der Berner Reformation, die Disputationsthesen, das Reformationsmandat und der Synodus, welche die Berner Kirche geprägt und ihr ein unverwechselbares Profil gegeben haben, in zeitgemässer Übersetzung zugänglich gemacht. Sowohl die Disputationsthesen als auch der Berner Synodus haben der reformatorischen Theologie wichtige Einsichten vermittelt, manche ihrer Formulierungen gehören zu den Perlen der Reformation.

A Biofilm Pocket Model to Evaluate Different Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment Modalities in Terms of Biofilm Removal and Reformation, Surface Alterations and Attachment of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts.

BACKGROUND AND AIM There is a lack of suitable in vitro models to evaluate various treatment modalities intending to remove subgingival bacterial biofilm. Consequently, the aims of this in vitro-study were: a) to establish a pocket model enabling mechanical removal of biofilm and b) to evaluate repeated non-surgical periodontal treatment with respect to biofilm removal and reformation, surface alterations, tooth hard-substance-loss, and attachment of periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. MATERIAL AND METHODS Standardized human dentin specimens were colonized by multi-species biofilms for 3.5 days and subsequently placed into artificially created pockets. Non-surgical periodontal treatment was performed as follows: a) hand-instrumentation with curettes (CUR), b) ultrasonication (US), c) subgingival air-polishing using erythritol (EAP) and d) subgingival air-polishing using erythritol combined with chlorhexidine digluconate (EAP-CHX). The reduction and recolonization of bacterial counts, surface roughness (Ra and Rz), the caused tooth substance-loss (thickness) as well as the attachment of PDL fibroblasts were evaluated and statistically analyzed by means of ANOVA with Post-Hoc LSD. RESULTS After 5 treatments, bacterial reduction in biofilms was highest when applying EAP-CHX (4 log10). The lowest reduction was found after CUR (2 log10). Additionally, substance-loss was the highest when using CUR (128±40 µm) in comparison with US (14±12 µm), EAP (6±7 µm) and EAP-CHX (11±10) µm). Surface was roughened when using CUR and US. Surfaces exposed to US and to EAP attracted the highest numbers of PDL fibroblasts. CONCLUSION The established biofilm model simulating a periodontal pocket combined with interchangeable placements of test specimens with multi-species biofilms enables the evaluation of different non-surgical treatment modalities on biofilm removal and surface alterations. Compared to hand instrumentation the application of ultrasonication and of air-polishing with erythritol prevents from substance-loss and results in a smooth surface with nearly no residual biofilm that promotes the reattachment of PDL fibroblasts.