82 resultados para Kähler


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Along a downstream stretch of River Mure , Romania, adult males of two feral fish species, European chub (Leuciscus cephalus) and sneep (Chondrostoma nasus) were sampled at four sites with different levels of contamination. Fish were analysed for the biochemical markers hsp70 (in liver and gills) and hepatic EROD activity, as well as several biometrical parameters (age, length, wet weight, condition factor). None of the biochemical markers correlated with any biometrical parameter, thus biomarker reactions were related to site-specific criteria. While the hepatic hsp70 level did not differ among the sites, significant elevation of the hsp70 level in the gills revealed proteotoxic damage in chub at the most upstream site, where we recorded the highest heavy metal contamination of the investigated stretch, and in both chub and sneep at the site right downstream of the city of Arad. In both species, significantly elevated hepatic EROD activity downstream of Arad indicated that fish from these sites are also exposed to organic chemicals. The results were indicative of impaired fish health at least at three of the four investigated sites. The approach to relate biomarker responses to analytical data on pollution was shown to fit well the recent EU demands on further enhanced efforts in the monitoring of Romanian water quality.

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To examine the effect of diagnosis, mood state, and anxiety on subjective wellbeing in patients with affective and non-affective psychotic disorders treated with quetiapine IR.

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In many environments land use intensification is likely to result in a decrease in species richness and in an increase in eutrophication. Although the importance of both factors for higher trophic levels such as insect herbivores is well documented, their impact has rarely been studied in combination. Herbivorous insects have a strong impact on the functioning of ecosystems and it is therefore important to understand how they are affected by eutrophication in high or low diversity environments. We used a grassland biodiversity experiment to investigate the combined effect of fertilization and plant diversity loss on the fitness of the generalist grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus by rearing grasshopper nymphs for four weeks in cages on unfertilized or fertilized (NPK) subplots across a species richness gradient from 1 to 60 plant species. Survival, the number of oothecae, body mass and the number of hatchlings were measured separately for each cage. Plant diversity had no effect on any of the grasshopper fitness measures, neither in unfertilized nor in fertilized plots. NPK-fertilization reduced grasshopper survival but increased body mass of males and reproductive success of the surviving females. Fertilization effects were not mediated by plant community structure, productivity or composition, suggesting that higher food plant quality was one of the main drivers. There was no interaction between plant diversity and fertilization on any of the measures. In conclusion, an increase in eutrophication, in both species-rich and species-poor grasslands, could lead to higher reproductive success and therefore higher abundances of herbivorous insects including insect pests, with fertilization effects dominating plant diversity effects.

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Zweifelsohne war und ist das Prinzip der Chancengleichheit eine Maxime für die Bildungspolitik und Gestaltung von Bildungssystemen (vgl. Müller 1998; Friedeburg 1992; Baumert 1991: 333). Diese Prämisse wird nicht zuletzt durch Artikel 3, Absatz 3 des Grundgesetzes, wonach niemand wegen seines Geschlechts, seiner Abstammung, seiner Rasse, seiner Sprache, seiner Heimat und Herkunft, seines Glaubens, seiner religiösen oder politischen Anschauungen benachteiligt oder bevorzugt werden darf, inhaltlich vorgegeben. So lag ein Hauptteil der Zielsetzungen von Bildungsreformen seit den 1960er Jahren darin, die Rahmenbedingungen für den Bildungszugang in der Weise zu setzen, dass weder das strukturelle Angebot an Bildungsgelegenheiten noch sozialstrukturelle Eigenschaften von Schulkindern und ihres Elternhauses systematische Einflüsse auf den Bildungsweg und den Erwerb von Bildungszertifikaten haben (Friedeburg 1992). Mit dem Ausbau des Schul- und Hochschulwesens und den institutionellen Reformen seit den 1960er Jahren ist das Ziel auch größtenteils erreicht worden, dass neben institutionellen Barrieren auch ökonomische und geografische Barrieren beim Bildungszugang weitgehend an Bedeutung verloren haben (vgl. Müller 1998; Krais 1996). Bildungsdisparitäten nach sozialstrukturellen Merkmalen haben sich ebenfalls weitgehend abgeschwächt (Müller und Haun 1994). Insbesondere konnten Mädchen ihre Bildungsdefizite gegenüber den Jungen mehr als ausgleichen (Rodax und Rodax 1996; Rodax 1995), sodass nunmehr von einer Bildungsungleichheit zuungunsten von Jungen auszugehen ist (Diefenbach und Klein 2002; Becker und Nietfeld 1999; Becker 1998). Einige der beabsichtigten wie unbeabsichtigten Folgen dieser Reformbemühungen können am Wandel der Bildungsbeteiligung, insbesondere beim Übergang von der Grundschule auf das Gymnasium, abgelesen werden (Köhler 1992).