Ausländerdiskriminierung bei der betrieblichen Ausbildungsplatzvergabe: ein konventionensoziologisches Erklärungsmodell

Dieser Artikel schlägt ein soziologisches Erklärungsmodell der betrieblichen Ausbildungsplatzvergabe vor, mit welchem sich jene Phänomene verstehen lassen, die aus der betrieblichen Außensicht als Diskriminierung bei der Einstellung von Auszubildenden wahrgenommen werden. Um mögliche betriebliche Motive gegen die Einstellung von ‚ausländischen Jugendlichen‘ verstehbar und die damit zusammenhängende Komplexität des betrieblichen Rekrutierungsprozesses theoretisch fassbar zu machen, werden zentrale Überlegungen der französischen Soziologie der Konventionen aufgegriffen. Durch das Hervorheben der verschiedenen Koordinations- und Gerechtigkeitsprinzipien eines Betriebs ermöglicht dieser Ansatz eine gewinnbringende Theoretisierung der Rekrutierung und Selektion aus einer organisationsaffinen Perspektive.

Mehr Gender in die Bibliotheken - aber richtig!

Im Februar 2013 fand auf der deutschen Mailingliste InetBib (www.inetbib.de) eine zehntägige, intensive Gender-Debatte statt, an der sich sowohl Männer wie Frauen beteiligten. Diese Diskussion eignet sich gut als Ausgangspunkt für die nähere Betrachtung einiger Bereiche, in denen ein genderspezifischer Blick in und auf Bibliotheken Sinn macht und daraus abgeleitete Massnahmen einen Mehrwert bringen können.

Disturbances of agency and ownership in schizophrenia: An auditory verbal event related potentials study

A ‘sense of self’ is essentially the ability to distinguish between self-generated and external stimuli. It consists of at least two very basic senses: a sense of agency and a sense of ownership. Disturbances seem to provide a basic deficit in many psychiatric diseases. The aim of our study was to manipulate those qualities separately in 28 patients with schizophrenia (14 auditory hallucinators and 14 non-hallucinators) and 28 healthy controls (HC) and to investigate the effects on the topographies and the power of the event-related potential (ERP). We performed a 76-channel EEG while the participants performed the task as in our previous paper. We computed ERPs and difference maps for the conditions and compared the amount of agency and ownership between the HC and the patients. Furthermore, we compared the global field power and the topographies of these effects. Our data showed effects of agency and ownership in the healthy controls and the hallucinator group and to a lesser degree in the non-hallucinator group. We found a reduction of the N100 during the presence of agency, and a bilateral temporal negativity related to the presence of ownership. For the agency effects, we found significant differences between HC and the patients. Contrary to the expectations, our findings were more pronounced in non-hallucinators, suggesting a more profoundly disturbed sense of agency compared to hallucinators. A contemporary increase of global field power in both patient groups indicates a compensatory recruitment of other mechanisms not normally associated with the processing of agency and ownership.

Two ways to common knowledge

It is not clear what a system for evidence-based common knowledge should look like if common knowledge is treated as a greatest fixed point. This paper is a preliminary step towards such a system. We argue that the standard induction rule is not well suited to axiomatize evidence-based common knowledge. As an alternative, we study two different deductive systems for the logic of common knowledge. The first system makes use of an induction axiom whereas the second one is based on co-inductive proof theory. We show the soundness and completeness for both systems.

Tracking the implicit self using event-related potentials

Negative biases in implicit self-evaluation are thought to be detrimental to subjective well-being and have been linked to various psychological disorders, including depression. An understanding of the neural processes underlying implicit self-evaluation in healthy subjects could provide a basis for the investigation of negative biases in depressed patients, the development of differential psychotherapeutic interventions, and the estimation of relapse risk in remitted patients. We thus studied the brain processes linked to implicit self-evaluation in 25 healthy subjects using event-related potential (ERP) recording during a self-relevant Implicit Association Test (sIAT). Consistent with a positive implicit self-evaluation in healthy subjects, they responded significantly faster to the congruent (self-positive mapping) than to the incongruent sIAT condition (self-negative mapping). Our main finding was a topographical ERP difference in a time window between 600 and 700 ms, whereas no significant differences between congruent and incongruent conditions were observed in earlier time windows. This suggests that biases in implicit self-evaluation are reflected only indirectly, in the additional recruitment of control processes needed to override the positive implicit self-evaluation of healthy subjects in the incongruent sIAT condition. Brain activations linked to these control processes can thus serve as an indirect measure for estimating biases in implicit self-evaluation. The sIAT paradigm, combined with ERP, could therefore permit the tracking of the neural processes underlying implicit self-evaluation in depressed patients during psychotherapy.