Die Zukunft des Internets entscheidet sich jetzt

Das Internet prägt jede Facette unseres Lebens. Was als US-Militär-Experiment begann, ist heute eine Basistechnologie. Damit gelten die fundamentalen Menschenrechte auch im Internet, wie jüngst UN-Berichte bestätigten. Andererseits haben die Enthüllungen Edward Snowdens aufgezeigt, wie breit und tief die Überwachung des Internets ist. Welche Regeln gelten nun im Netz, und wer setzt sie fest?- ...

Autobiografische Erinnerung - Fakt oder Fiktion?

Das Phänomen kennen vermutlich alle: Nach vielen Jahren trifft man ehemalige Schulkollegen und vernimmt Geschichten von sich, von denen man keine Ahnung mehr hat oder die einem völlig unglaubwürdig vorkommen: Das kann unmöglich ich gewesen sein! Sind etwa unsere autobiografischen Erinnerungen mehr Dichtung als Wahrheit?

Control of ventricular ciliary beating by the melanin concentrating hormone-expressing neurons of the lateral hypothalamus: a functional imaging survey

The cyclic peptide Melanin Concentrating Hormone (MCH) is known to control a large number of brain functions in mammals such as food intake and metabolism, stress response, anxiety, sleep/wake cycle, memory, and reward. Based on neuro-anatomical and electrophysiological studies these functions were attributed to neuronal circuits expressing MCHR1, the single MCH receptor in rodents. In complement to our recently published work (1) we provided here new data regarding the action of MCH on ependymocytes in the mouse brain. First, we establish that MCHR1 mRNA is expressed in the ependymal cells of the third ventricle epithelium. Second, we demonstrated a tonic control of MCH-expressing neurons on ependymal cilia beat frequency using in vitro optogenics. Finally, we performed in vivo measurements of CSF flow using fluorescent micro-beads in wild-type and MCHR1-knockout mice. Collectively, our results demonstrated that MCH-expressing neurons modulate ciliary beating of ependymal cells at the third ventricle and could contribute to maintain cerebro-spinal fluid homeostasis.

How important is importance for prospective memory?

Forgetting to carry out an intention as planned can have serious consequences in everyday life. People sometimes even forget intentions that they consider as very important. Here, we review the literature on the impact of importance on prospective memory performance. We highlight different methods used to manipulate the importance of a prospective memory task such as providing rewards, importance relative to other ongoing activities, absolute importance, and providing social motives. Moreover, we address the relationship between importance and other factors known to affect prospective memory and ongoing task performance such as type of prospective memory task (time-, event-, or activity-based), cognitive loads, and processing overlaps. Finally, we provide a connection to motivation, we summarize the effects of task importance and we identify important venues for future research.