Inflammation and Optic Nerve Regeneration

Neuroinflammation has long been studied for its connection to the development and progression of Multiple Sclerosis. In recent years, the field has expanded to look at the role of inflammatory processes in a wide range of neurological conditions and cognitive disorders including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and autism. Researchers have also started to note the beneficial impacts of neuroinflammation in certain diseases. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions provides a comprehensive view of both the detriments and benefits of neuroinflammation in human health. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions opens with two chapters that look at some fundamental aspects of neuroinflammation in humans and rodents. The remainder of the book is divided into two sections which examine both the detrimental and beneficial aspects of inflammation on the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, on various disease states, and in normal aging. These sections provide a broad picture of the role neuroinflammation plays in the physiology and pathology of various neurological disorders. Providing cross-disciplinary coverage, Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions will be an essential volume for neuroimmunologists, neurobiologists, neurologists, and others interested in the field.

Sural nerve conduction studies using ultrasound-guided needle positioning: Influence of age and recording location.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare orthodromic sural nerve conduction study (NCS) results using ultrasound-guided needle positioning (USNP) to surface electrode recordings. METHODS 51 healthy subjects aged 24 - 80 years, divided into 5 age groups, were examined. Electrical stimuli were applied behind the lateral malleolus. Sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) were recorded 8 and 15 cm proximally with surface and needle electrodes. RESULTS Mean SNAP amplitudes in µV (surface/needle electrodes) averaged 12.7 (SD 7.6)/40.6 (SD 20.8), P<0.001, for subjects aged 20-29 years, and 5.0 (SD 2.4)/19.8 (SD 9.8), P<0.01, for subjects aged > 60 years. SNAP amplitudes were smaller at the proximal recording location. DISCUSSION NCS using USNP yield higher amplitude responses than surface electrodes in all age groups at all recording sites. SNAP amplitudes are smaller at proximal recording locations due to sural nerve branching. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.