221 resultados para Historische Bildung


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How did Islam survive in the Soviet Union, and how did it develop since 1991? In four case studies and four longitudinal surveys, senior specialists from the area and two German junior scholars discuss the transformations of Islam in Tatarstan, Azerbaijan, Daghestan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Several chapters analyze the Bolsheviks’ attack on Islam since the 1920s. Altay Göyüşov and Il’nur Minnullin demonstrate how the Soviets first attempted to draw some groups of Muslim scholars and intellectuals to their side, in Azerbaijan and Tatarstan, respectively. In the early 1930s collectivization and outright state terror made a complete end to the Islamic infrastructure, including mosques and pious foundations, Muslim village courts (as shown by Vladimir Bobrovnikov for Dagestan), Islamic educational institutions (as documented by Aširbek Muminov for Uzbekistan), as well as the Muslim press (analyzed by Dilyara Usmanova for Tatarstan); also Sufi brotherhoods became a main target of violent repression (Šamil‘ Šixaliev, for Dagestan). Repression was followed by the establishment of a modus vivendi between state and religion in the post-war period (Muminov, Bobrovnikov, Šixaliev), and by the instrumentalization of religion for patriotic purposes in the post-Soviet Caucasus and Central Asia (Christine Hunner-Kreisel, Manja Stephan, both based on fieldwork). By the early 2000s Islam was almost everywhere back under full state control; the leading role of the state for defining „good“ and „bad“ Islam is largely taken for granted. While similar forms of state pressure in all regions thus allow us to draw an overall picture of how Islamic traditions were repressed and reanimated, the „archival revolution“ of the early 1990s provides fascinating insights into the specific developments in the individual regions, and into the adaptation strategies of the Muslim scholars and intellectuals on the spot. Still, the Soviet heritage is still very palpable; also the attempts to leapfrog the Soviet period and to link up again with the individual local Islamic traditions from before 1917, and even the negation of the Soviet experience in the form of embracing Islamic trends from abroad, are often still couched in largely Soviet mental frameworks.

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Das Problem der Orientierung ist ein Dauerproblem in modernen demokratischen Gesellschaften, vor dem Menschen nicht zuletzt auch in pädagogischen Zusammenhängen stehen. Antworten auf die Frage nach der Orientierung pädagogischen Denkens und Handelns, die der Situation in modernen demokratischen Gesellschaften angemessen sind, setzen eine Klärung dessen voraus, was für diese Art von Gesellschaften charakteristisch ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in dem vorliegenden Beitrag die "Relation zwischen Bildung und Perspektivität" behandelt. [...] Das Prinzip der Transdisziplinarität kommt in diesem Beitrag zur Geltung, indem das Thema "Bildung" im Lichte des Problems der Perspektivität behandelt wird und zur Formulierung dieses Problems Erkenntnisse aus Disziplinen herangezogen werden, in denen die Situation der Perspektivität Gegenstand von Forschung ist. Dieser Logik folgend wird in einem ersten Schritt die Situation der Perspektivität bestimmt. Hierzu werden Parameter der Perspektivität skizziert und aufeinander bezogen (1.). Dies eröffnet die Möglichkeit, anschließend Bildung als eine pädagogische Antwort auf die Situation der Perspektivität zu rekonstruieren. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass der Begriff der Bildung die Perspektivität der modernen Gesellschaft in (mindestens) vierfacher Hinsicht systematisch berücksichtigt (2.).

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This contribution responds to Dorothea Sattler’s thoughts about ecclesiology in an ecumenical context. First it describes in short the influence of Kurt Stalder’s theology for his generation of Old Catholic theologians, parish priests and lay people, as well as his contribution to the ecumenical theology in the 20th century. After that the author reacts on the three parts of Sattler’s contribution: on the Petrine function, on the apostolicity of ministry and on contemporary plurality and the unity of the church.