Management, feeding, production, reproduction and udder health on organic and conventional Swiss dairy farms

Organic dairy farms (OP; n=60) and conventional dairy farms (integrated production, IP; n=60), matched in size, location, and agricultural zone (altitude), were studied for possible differences in management, feeding, production, reproduction and udder health. OP and IP farms were similar in size (17.7 and 16.9 ha), milk quota (65900 and 70,000 kg/year), cow number (14 and 15), cow age (5.3 and 5.2 years), housing of cows of the Simmental x Red Holstein or Holstein breeds (87 and 75%; 45 and 60%), but differed significantly with respect to loose housing systems (18 and 7%), outside paddocks (98 and 75%), energy-corrected 305-d milk yield (5,695 and 6,059 kg), milk protein content (31.8 and 32.7 g/kg), use of bucket milking systems (73 and 33%), observance of regular (12-h) milking intervals (47 and 68%), routine application of the California-Mastitis-Test (10 and 28%), teat dipping after milking (25 and 43%) and blanket dry cow treatments (0 and 45%). Milk somatic cell counts on OP and IP farms (119 000 and 117,000/mL) and reproduction data were similar and there were no significant differences between OP and IP farms as concerns available feeds, planning and management of feeding. Alternative veterinary treatments were used more often on OP than IP farms (55 and 17%). Main causes for cow replacements on OP and IP farms were fertility disorders (both 45%), age (40 and 42%), sale (30 and 37%) and udder health (35 and 13%).Between OP and IP Swiss dairy farms thus relatively few larger differences were found.

Impact of recommendation updates in well-controlled patients on nonrecommended antiretroviral therapies: the Swiss HIV cohort study

BACKGROUND HIV treatment recommendations are updated as clinical trials are published. Whether recommendations drive clinicians to change antiretroviral therapy in well-controlled patients is unexplored. METHODS We selected patients with undetectable viral loads (VLs) on nonrecommended regimens containing double-boosted protease inhibitors (DBPIs), triple-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), or didanosine (ddI) plus stavudine (d4T) at publication of the 2006 International AIDS Society recommendations. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics with those of control patients with undetectable VL not on these regimens and examined clinical outcome and reasons for treatment modification. RESULTS At inclusion, 104 patients were in the DBPI group, 436 in the triple-NRTI group, and 19 in the ddI/d4T group. By 2010, 28 (29%), 204 (52%), and 1 (5%) patient were still on DBPIs, triple-NRTIs, and ddI plus d4T, respectively. 'Physician decision,' excluding toxicity/virological failure, drove 30% of treatment changes. Predictors of recommendation nonobservance included female sex [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1 to 7.26; P = 0.01] for DPBIs, and undetectable VL (aOR 3.53, 95% CI 1.6 to 7.8; P = 0.002) and lack of cardiovascular events (aOR 2.93, 95% CI 1.23 to 6.97; P = 0.02) for triple-NRTIs. All patients on DBPIs with documented diabetes or a cardiovascular event changed treatment. Recommendation observance resulted in lower cholesterol values in the DBPI group (P = 0.06), and more patients having undetectable VL (P = 0.02) in the triple-NRTI group. CONCLUSION The physician's decision is the main factor driving change from nonrecommended to recommended regimens, whereas virological suppression is associated with not switching. Positive clinical outcomes observed postswitch underline the importance of observing recommendations, even in well-controlled patients.

Tastend von Gott reden : drei systematisch-theologische Antrittsvorlesungen aus Bern

Nach Gott tasten ist die Grundbewegung, die die drei in diesem Band versammelten Vorlesungen verknüpft und für die Paul Klees «Engel, noch tastend» zum hermeneutischen Leitbild wird. Torsten Meireis, inspiriert durch Karl Barth, reflektiert inmitten religiöser und weltanschaulicher Pluralität ein moralisches Verhalten, das dem Handeln des in Jesus Christus offenbaren Gottes entspricht. Wegweisend wird ihm dabei ein dreifacher Begriff des Guten: unverfügbares, intendiertes und realisiertes Gutes. Um angesichts des Sinnverlustes religiöser Rede dennoch nicht von Gott zu schweigen, plädiert Andreas Krebs, angeregt durch Ludwig Wittgensteins Spätphilosophie, für ein «halbes Sagen, halbes Verstehen», das sich in der Nähe zur Sprache der Poesie weiss – eine Gottesrede, die sich ihrer selbst nicht mehr sicher ist und gerade so Gott Gewicht zu geben sucht. Als Baustein einer um den Eigennamen kreisenden Eschatologie entwirft Magdalene L. Frettlöh die Hoffnung auf eine als neuschöpferischen göttlichen Namensruf an die Toten verstandene Auferweckung. Diese schliesst Rettung wie Verwandlung des irdischen Lebens ein.

Anti-judaistische Passionsgeschichten? Die biblischen Passionsgeschichten und ihre Wirkungsgeschichte in der neutestamentlichen Diskussion am Beispiel von Matthäus 27,25

Der Artikel befasst sich mit der Wirkungsgeschichte von Matthäus 27,25, dem sogenannten Blutruf und diskutiert, wie mit dieser Bibelstelle sowie anderen schwierigen Texten des Bibel im Rahmen von Gottesdienst, Liturgie und Gemeinde umgegangen werden soll.