Neurolinguistic analysis: aspects of language and speech deviations in Palestinian Arabic aphasics

The characteristics of aphasics’ speech in various languages have been the core of numerous studies, but Arabic in general, and Palestinian Arabic in particular, is still a virgin field in this respect. However, it is of vital importance to have a clear picture of the specific aspects of Palestinian Arabic that might be affected in the speech of aphasics in order to establish screening, diagnosis and therapy programs based on a clinical linguistic database. Hence the central questions of this study are what are the main neurolinguistic features of the Palestinian aphasics’ speech at the phonetic-acoustic level and to what extent are the results similar or not to those obtained from other languages. In general, this study is a survey of the most prominent features of Palestinian Broca’s aphasics’ speech. The main acoustic parameters of vowels and consonants are analysed such as vowel duration, formant frequency, Voice Onset Time (VOT), intensity and frication duration. The deviant patterns among the Broca’s aphasics are displayed and compared with those of normal speakers. The nature of deficit, whether phonetic or phonological, is also discussed. Moreover, the coarticulatory characteristics and some prosodic patterns of Broca’s aphasics are addressed. Samples were collected from six Broca’s aphasics from the same local region. The acoustic analysis conducted on a range of consonant and vowel parameters displayed differences between the speech patterns of Broca’s aphasics and normal speakers. For example, impairments in voicing contrast between the voiced and voiceless stops were found in Broca’s aphasics. This feature does not exist for the fricatives produced by the Palestinian Broca’s aphasics and hence deviates from data obtained for aphasics’ speech from other languages. The Palestinian Broca’s aphasics displayed particular problems with the emphatic sounds. They exhibited deviant coarticulation patterns, another feature that is inconsistent with data obtained from studies from other languages. However, several other findings are in accordance with those reported from various other languages such as impairments in the VOT. The results are in accordance with the suggestions that speech production deficits in Broca’s aphasics are not related to phoneme selection but rather to articulatory implementation and some speech output impairments are related to timing and planning deficits.

Mündliche Literatur in Amadou Hampaté Bâ’s Roman "Das seltsame Schicksal des Wangrin" /// Arbeitspapiere / Institut für Ethnologie und Afrikastudien ; 90

Amadou Hampaté Bâ legte mit „Das seltsame Schicksal des Wangrin“ einen vielstimmigen Roman vor, dessen Ästhetik entscheidend von der Einarbeitung und Inszenierung von Mündlicher Literatur bestimmt ist. In meinem Aufsatz gehe ich zum einen der Frage nach, inwieweit es Bâ unternimmt, den sinnlichen Reichtum Mündlicher Literatur, also entsprechende Sounds, Gestik, Mimik, Proxemik, musikalische Begleitung, in den einen graphischen Kommunikationskanal, in Schrift zu überführen, und zum anderen, inwiefern er die sprachlichen Anteile Mündlicher Literatur in das Romanganze hineinwebt, inwiefern er Verbindungen zwischen den Oraturen und den im Roman aufgerufenen sozialen Situationen herstellt. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung steht ein bestimmter Vortrag. Der Romanheld Wangrin lässt sich vor dem Haus der Mutter der von ihm umworbenen Rammaye Bira durch seinen Griot preisen, wirbt solcherart um die junge Frau. Herman Meyers Konzept der epischen Integration aufgreifend, lege ich dar, inwiefern diese eine Performanzsituation mit anderen Stellen, an denen im Roman Mündliche Literatur inszeniert wird, korrespondiert, um dadurch zu generelleren Aussagen über die Verfahrensweise Bâ’s hinsichtlich der Aufnahme von Mündlicher Literatur zu gelangen. Am Anfang des Aufsatzes fasse ich Charakteristika Mündlicher Literatur zusammen und problematisiere deren Überführung in den schriftlichen Modus.