2 resultados para PHOTODIODES

em ArchiMeD - Elektronische Publikationen der Universität Mainz - Alemanha


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Realisierung einer 3D-Kreuzkorrelationsanlage zur Untersuchung von Struktur und Dynamik hochkonzentrierter Kolloide Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird eine neuartige 3D-Kreuzkorrelationsanlage zur mehrfachstreufreien Untersuchung des diffusiven Verhaltens hochkonzentrierter kolloidaler Suspensionen vorgestellt. Hierzu werden zwei Lichtstreuexperimente gleichzeitig am gleichen Streuvolumen und mit dem gleichen Streuvektor durchgeführt. Aus der so gewonnenen Kreuzkorrelationsfunktion kann das dynamische Verhalten der Kolloide bestimmt werden. Für die Diffusion der Partikel spielen neben der direkten Wechselwirkung elektroviskoser Effekt und die hydrodynamische Wechselwirkung eine entscheidende Rolle. Insbesondere bei hohen Konzentrationen kann keiner der drei Effekte vernachlässigt werden. Die zu messenden Unterschiede in den Diffusionskoeffizienten sind sehr klein. Daher wurde der experimentelle Aufbau detailliert charakterisiert. Hierbei konnten theoretische Überlegungen hinsichtlich des Nachpulsens und der Totzeit der verwendeten Si-Avalanche-Photodioden überprüft werden. Der Kurzzeitselbstdiffusionskoeffizient hochkonzentrierter geladener kolloidaler Suspensionen wurde gemessen. Um die Daten bei hohen Konzentrationen korrekt zu normieren, wurde der elektroviskose Effekt bei geringen Konzentrationen ausführlich untersucht. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass der elektroviskose Einzelteilcheneffekt zu einer monotonen Abnahme des Diffusionskoeffizienten bei abnehmender Ionenstärke führt. Anhand der volumenbruchabhängigen Daten des Kurzzeitselbstdiffusionskoeffizienten konnte zum ersten Mal gezeigt werden, dass die hydrodynamische Wechselwirkung einen geringeren Einfluss auf die Diffusion hat, falls das direkte Wechselwirkungspotential ein Coulomb-Potential anstelle eines Harte-Kugel-Potentials ist.

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Conjugated polymers have attracted tremendous academical and industrial research interest over the past decades due to the appealing advantages that organic / polymeric materials offer for electronic applications and devices such as organic light emitting diodes (OLED), organic field effect transistors (OFET), organic solar cells (OSC), photodiodes and plastic lasers. The optimization of organic materials for applications in optoelectronic devices requires detailed knowledge of their photophysical properties, for instance energy levels of excited singlet and triplet states, excited state decay mechanisms and charge carrier mobilities. In the present work a variety of different conjugated (co)polymers, mainly polyspirobifluorene- and polyfluorene-type materials, was investigated using time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy in the picosecond to second time domain to study their elementary photophysical properties and to get a deeper insight into structure-property relationships. The experiments cover fluorescence spectroscopy using Streak Camera techniques as well as time-delayed gated detection techniques for the investigation of delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence. All measurements were performed on the solid state, i.e. thin polymer films and on diluted solutions. Starting from the elementary photophysical properties of conjugated polymers the experiments were extended to studies of singlet and triplet energy transfer processes in polymer blends, polymer-triplet emitter blends and copolymers. The phenomenon of photonenergy upconversion was investigated in blue light-emitting polymer matrices doped with metallated porphyrin derivatives supposing an bimolecular annihilation upconversion mechanism which could be experimentally verified on a series of copolymers. This mechanism allows for more efficient photonenergy upconversion than previously reported for polyfluorene derivatives. In addition to the above described spectroscopical experiments, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in thin film polymer waveguides was studied employing a fully-arylated poly(indenofluorene) as the gain medium. It was found that the material exhibits a very low threshold value for amplification of blue light combined with an excellent oxidative stability, which makes it interesting as active material for organic solid state lasers. Apart from spectroscopical experiments, transient photocurrent measurements on conjugated polymers were performed as well to elucidate the charge carrier mobility in the solid state, which is an important material parameter for device applications. A modified time-of-flight (TOF) technique using a charge carrier generation layer allowed to study hole transport in a series of spirobifluorene copolymers to unravel the structure-mobility relationship by comparison with the homopolymer. Not only the charge carrier mobility could be determined for the series of polymers but also field- and temperature-dependent measurements analyzed in the framework of the Gaussian disorder model showed that results coincide very well with the predictions of the model. Thus, the validity of the disorder concept for charge carrier transport in amorphous glassy materials could be verified for the investigated series of copolymers.