Algoritmi per la correzione di distorsioni in immagini

Studio, analisi ed implementazione di algoritmi esistenti per la correzione di distorsioni in immagini, con introduzione delle semplificazioni necessarie per la sua realizzazione in dispositivi embedded. Introduzione di nuovi metodi di semplificazione. Calibrazione di una telecamera o un sistema di telecamere stereo con lenti wide angle o fisheye tramite opencv.

Safety factors in sheet pile wall design: considerations by using traditional methods and FEM analysis

The purpose of the work is: define and calculate a factor of collapse related to traditional method to design sheet pile walls. Furthermore, we tried to find the parameters that most influence a finite element model representative of this problem. The text is structured in this way: from chapter 1 to 5, we analyzed a series of arguments which are usefull to understanding the problem, while the considerations mainly related to the purpose of the text are reported in the chapters from 6 to 10. In the first part of the document the following arguments are shown: what is a sheet pile wall, what are the codes to be followed for the design of these structures and what they say, how can be formulated a mathematical model of the soil, some fundamentals of finite element analysis, and finally, what are the traditional methods that support the design of sheet pile walls. In the chapter 6 we performed a parametric analysis, giving an answer to the second part of the purpose of the work. Comparing the results from a laboratory test for a cantilever sheet pile wall in a sandy soil, with those provided by a finite element model of the same problem, we concluded that:in modelling a sandy soil we should pay attention to the value of cohesion that we insert in the model (some programs, like Abaqus, don’t accept a null value for this parameter), friction angle and elastic modulus of the soil, they influence significantly the behavior of the system (structure-soil), others parameters, like the dilatancy angle or the Poisson’s ratio, they don’t seem influence it. The logical path that we followed in the second part of the text is reported here. We analyzed two different structures, the first is able to support an excavation of 4 m, while the second an excavation of 7 m. Both structures are first designed by using the traditional method, then these structures are implemented in a finite element program (Abaqus), and they are pushed to collapse by decreasing the friction angle of the soil. The factor of collapse is the ratio between tangents of the initial friction angle and of the friction angle at collapse. At the end, we performed a more detailed analysis of the first structure, observing that, the value of the factor of collapse is influenced by a wide range of parameters including: the value of the coefficients assumed in the traditional method and by the relative stiffness of the structure-soil system. In the majority of cases, we found that the value of the factor of collapse is between and 1.25 and 2. With some considerations, reported in the text, we can compare the values so far found, with the value of the safety factor proposed by the code (linked to the friction angle of the soil).

Development of Software Tools for the Test of Ultra Wide Band Receivers

In the last years, the importance of locating people and objects and communicating with them in real time has become a common occurrence in every day life. Nowadays, the state of the art of location systems for indoor environments has not a dominant technology as instead occurs in location systems for outdoor environments, where GPS is the dominant technology. In fact, each location technology for indoor environments presents a set of features that do not allow their use in the overall application scenarios, but due its characteristics, it can well coexist with other similar technologies, without being dominant and more adopted than the others indoor location systems. In this context, the European project SELECT studies the opportunity of collecting all these different features in an innovative system which can be used in a large number of application scenarios. The goal of this project is to realize a wireless system, where a network of fixed readers able to query one or more tags attached to objects to be located. The SELECT consortium is composed of European institutions and companies, including Datalogic S.p.A. and CNIT, which deal with software and firmware development of the baseband receiving section of the readers, whose function is to acquire and process the information received from generic tagged objects. Since the SELECT project has an highly innovative content, one of the key stages of the system design is represented by the debug phase. This work aims to study and develop tools and techniques that allow to perform the debug phase of the firmware of the baseband receiving section of the readers.

Systematic investigation of automated plan generation for breast cancer including beam angle and isocenter selection

Il tumore al seno è il più comune tra le donne nel mondo. La radioterapia è comunemente usata dopo la chirurgia per distruggere eventuali cellule maligne rimaste nel volume del seno. Nei trattamenti di radioterapia bisogna cercare di irradiare il volume da curare limitando contemporaneamente la tossicità nei tessuti sani. In clinica i parametri che definiscono il piano di trattamento radioterapeutico sono selezionati manualmente utilizzando un software di simulazione per trattamenti. Questo processo, detto di trial and error, in cui i differenti parametri vengono modificati e il trattamento viene simulato nuovamente e valutato, può richiedere molte iterazioni rendendolo dispendioso in termini di tempo. Lo studio presentato in questa tesi si concentra sulla generazione automatica di piani di trattamento per irradiare l'intero volume del seno utilizzando due fasci approssimativamente opposti e tangenti al paziente. In particolare ci siamo concentrati sulla selezione delle direzioni dei fasci e la posizione dell'isocentro. A questo scopo, è stato investigata l'efficacia di un approccio combinatorio, nel quale sono stati generati un elevato numero di possibili piani di trattamento utilizzando differenti combinazioni delle direzioni dei due fasci. L'intensità del profilo dei fasci viene ottimizzata automaticamente da un algoritmo, chiamato iCycle, sviluppato nel ospedale Erasmus MC di Rotterdam. Inizialmente tra tutti i possibili piani di trattamento generati solo un sottogruppo viene selezionato, avente buone caratteristiche per quel che riguarda l'irraggiamento del volume del seno malato. Dopo di che i piani che mostrano caratteristiche ottimali per la salvaguardia degli organi a rischio (cuore, polmoni e seno controlaterale) vengono considerati. Questi piani di trattamento sono matematicamente equivalenti quindi per selezionare tra questi il piano migliore è stata utilizzata una somma pesata dove i pesi sono stati regolati per ottenere in media piani che abbiano caratteristiche simili ai piani di trattamento approvati in clinica. Questo metodo in confronto al processo manuale oltre a ridurre considerevol-mente il tempo di generazione di un piano di trattamento garantisce anche i piani selezionati abbiano caratteristiche ottimali nel preservare gli organi a rischio. Inizialmente è stato utilizzato l'isocentro scelto in clinica dal tecnico. Nella parte finale dello studio l'importanza dell'isocentro è stata valutata; ne è risultato che almeno per un sottogruppo di pazienti la posizione dell'isocentro può dare un importante contributo alla qualità del piano di trattamento e quindi potrebbe essere un ulteriore parametro da ottimizzare. 

Dielectrophoresis (dep) and electrowetting (ewod) as an anti-fouling process for antibacterial surfaces

Nowadays the medical field is struggling to decrease bacteria biofilm formation which leads to infection. Biomedical devices sterilization has not changed over a long period of time. This results in high costs for hospitals healthcare managements. The objective of this project is to investigate electric field effects and surface energy manipulation as solutions for preventing bacteria biofilm for future devices. Based on electrokinectic environments 2 different methods were tested: feasibility of electric gradient through mediums (DEP) reinforced by numerical simulations; and EWOD by the fabrication of golden interdigitated electrodes on silicon glass substrates, standard ~480 nm Teflon (PTFE) layer and polymeric gasket to contain the bacteria medium. In the first experiment quantitative analysis was carried out to achieve forces required to reject bacteria without considering dielectric environment limitations as bacteria and medium frequency dependence. In the second experiment applied voltages was characterized by droplets contact angle measurements and put to the live bacteria tests. The project resulted on promising results for DEP application due to its wide range of frequency that can be used to make a “general” bacteria rejecting; but in terms of practicality, EWOD probably have higher potential for success but more experiments are needed to verify if can prevent biofilm adhesion besides the Teflon non-adhesive properties (including limitations as Teflon breakthrough, layer sensitivity) at incubation times larger than 24 hours.

Implementation of a VLSI amplifier interfaced with biomedical sensors for ultra wide band data transmission

This thesis presents a CMOS Amplifier with High Common Mode rejection designed in UMC 130nm technology. The goal is to achieve a high amplification factor for a wide range of biological signals (with frequencies in the range of 10Hz-1KHz) and to reject the common-mode noise signal. It is here presented a Data Acquisition System, composed of a Delta-Sigma-like Modulator and an antenna, that is the core of a portable low-complexity radio system; the amplifier is designed in order to interface the data acquisition system with a sensor that acquires the electrical signal. The Modulator asynchronously acquires and samples human muscle activity, by sending a Quasi-Digital pattern that encodes the acquired signal. There is only a minor loss of information translating the muscle activity using this pattern, compared to an encoding technique which uses astandard digital signal via Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wide Band (IR-UWB). The biological signals, needed for Electromyographic analysis, have an amplitude of 10-100μV and need to be highly amplified and separated from the overwhelming 50mV common mode noise signal. Various tests of the firmness of the concept are presented, as well the proof that the design works even with different sensors, such as Radiation measurement for Dosimetry studies.