Implementation of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (ebpr) wastewater treatment processes enriched with different microbial communities

The EBPR (Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal) is a type of secondary treatment in WWTPs (WasteWater Treatment Plants), quite largely used in full-scale plants worldwide. The phosphorus occurring in aquatic systems in high amounts can cause eutrophication and consequently the death of fauna and flora. A specific biomass is used in order to remove the phosphorus, the so-called PAOs (Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms) that accumulate the phosphorus in form of polyphosphate in their cells. Some of these organisms, the so-called DPAO (Denitrifying Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms) use as electron acceptor the nitrate or nitrite, contributing in this way also to the removal of these compounds from the wastewater, but there could be side reactions leading to the formation of nitrous oxides. The aim of this project was to simulate in laboratory scale a EBPR, acclimatizing and enriching the specialized biomass. Two bioreactors were operated as Sequencing Batch Reactors, one enriched in Accumulibacter, the other in Tetrasphaera (both PAOs): Tetrasphaera microorganisms are able to uptake aminoacids as carbon source, Accumulibacter uptake organic carbon (volatile fatty acids, VFA). In order to measure the removal of COD, phosphorus and nitrogen-derivate compounds, different analysis were performed: spectrophotometric measure of phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia concentrations, TOC (Total Organic Carbon, measuring the carbon consumption), VFA via HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), total and volatile suspended solids following standard methods APHA, qualitative microorganism population via FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization). Batch test were also performed to monitor the NOx production. Both specialized populations accumulated as a result of SBR operations; however, Accumulibacter were found to uptake phosphates at higher extents. Both populations were able to remove efficiently nitrates and organic compounds occurring in the feeding. The experimental work was carried out at FCT of Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL) from February to July 2014.

Progettazione di un sistema di sollevamento per la dismissione di un serbatoio per olio combustibile denso

Petroltecnica S.P.A, azienda leader in attività di bonifica di terreni e siti industriali, ha svolto, per conto di Enipower Ferrara, uno studio di fattibilità per la dismissione di un serbatoio di olio combustibile e linea di tubazioni annesse. La richiesta della committente prevedeva la movimentazione del serbatoio di olio combustibile senza operare sezionamenti, in modo da poterlo bonificare al di fuori del sito in apposita area attrezzata. Per questo motivo è stato progettato un sistema di sollevamento che permettesse di movimentare il serbatoio di olio combustibile senza rischiare di deformarlo o romperlo. La struttura del bilancino è caratterizzata da una trave principale su cui è stata saldata una staffa per il collegamento del gancio della gru con la trave principale, e a cui sono collegate due travi traverse, disposte perpendicolarmente, e due staffe laterali. Alle estremità di ciascuna trave (principale e secondarie) sono presenti delle staffe a cui è collegata la componentistica di attacco del carico (grilli, funi e golfari). La progettazione del sistema di sollevamento è stata fatta in modo da ripartire uniformemente il carico sulla struttura e contemporaneamente non sollecitare eccessivamente i punti di presa del serbatoio. Una volta scelta la struttura del bilancino, è stato necessario dimensionare e verificare tutte le sue parti sulla base del metodo delle tensioni ammissibili previsto dall'UNI 10011. In riferimento alle normative UNI 10011 e UNI 13155, il dimensionamento del bilancino di sollevamento è stato effettuato in modo da ottenere, su ciascun elemento della struttura, un coefficiente di sicurezza minimo pari a due.

PEDOT:PSS thin films: Applications in Bioelectronics

Owing to their capability of merging the properties of metals and conventional polymers, Conducting Polymers (CPs) are a unique class of carbon-based materials capable of conducting electrical current. A conjugated backbone is the hallmark of CPs, which can readily undergo reversible doping to different extents, thus achieving a wide range of electrical conductivities, while maintaining mechanical flexibility, transparency and high thermal stability. Thanks to these inherent versatility and attracting properties, from their discovery CPs have experienced incessant widespread in a great plethora of research fields, ranging from energy storage to healthcare, also encouraging the spring and growth of new scientific areas with highly innovative content. Nowadays, Bioelectronics stands out as one of the most promising research fields, dealing with the mutual interplay between biology and electronics. Among CPs, the polyelectrolyte complex poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), especially in the form of thin films, has been emphasized as ideal platform for bioelectronic applications. Indeed, in the last two decades PEDOT:PSS has played a key role in the sensing of bioanalytes and living cells interfacing and monitoring. In the present work, development and characterization of two kinds of PEDOT:PSS-based devices for applications in Bioelectronics are discussed in detail. In particular, a low-cost amperometric sensor for the selective detection of Dopamine in a ternary mixture was optimized, taking advantage of the electrocatalytic and antifouling properties that render PEDOT:PSS thin films appealing tools for electrochemical sensing of bioanalytes. Moreover, the potentialities of this material to interact with live cells were explored through the fabrication of a microfluidic trapping device for electrical monitoring of 3D spheroids using an impedance-based approach.