Valutazione Economica di un Investimento IT attraverso System Dynamics e Balanced Scorecard

Il presente lavoro di tesi si occupa di valutare, attraverso misure finanziarie, i benefici derivanti da un grosso investimento IT dell'azienda Hera. L'azienda ha deciso di investire in ERP basato su SAP per poter creare un nuovo sistema informativo integrato. Ma per calcolare dei reali benefici bisogna tener conto anche di variabili che mutano nel tempo. Per fare ciò, si è deciso di utilizzare due diversi approcci (System Dynamics e Balanced Scorecard) per arrivare alla creazione di un modello simulabile. Dopodiché è stato possibile analizzare i dati attraverso i grafici risultanti e concludere mostrando dei casi. Questi ultimi illustrano cosa succede nel caso in cui tutto sia in condizioni normali, oppure se il lavoro raddoppia, oppure non si concluda mai.

Temporal dynamics of benthic assemblages along a gradient of ocean acidification at a CO2 vent’s system of the Ischia Island

Global warming and ocean acidification, due to rising atmospheric levels of CO2, represent an actual threat to terrestrial and marine environments. Since Industrial Revolution, in less of 250 years, pH of surface seawater decreased on average of 0.1 unit, and is expected to further decreases of approximately 0.3-0.4 units by the end of this century. Naturally acidified marine areas, such as CO2 vent systems at the Ischia Island, allow to study acclimatation and adaptation of individual species as well as the structure of communities, and ecosystems to OA. The main aim of this thesis was to study how hard bottom sublittoral benthic assemblages changed trough time along a pH gradient. For this purpose, the temporal dynamics of mature assemblages established on artificial substrates (volcanic tiles) over a 3 year- period were analysed. Our results revealed how composition and dynamics of the community were altered and highly simplified at different level of seawater acidification. In fact, extreme low values of pH (approximately 6.9), affected strongly the assemblages, reducing diversity both in terms of taxa and functional groups, respect to lower acidification levels (mean pH 7.8) and ambient conditions (8.1 unit). Temporal variation was observed in terms of species composition but not in functional groups. Variability was related to species belonging to the same functional group, suggesting the occurrence of functional redundancy. Therefore, the analysis of functional groups kept information on the structure, but lost information on species diversity and dynamics. Decreasing in ocean pH is only one of many future global changes that will occur at the end of this century (increase of ocean temperature, sea level rise, eutrophication etc.). The interaction between these factors and OA could exacerbate the community and ecosystem effects showed by this thesis.