Caratterizzazione e generazione di segnali PWM per amplificatori in classe D ad alta efficienza

The convergence of information technology and consumer electronics towards battery powered portable devices has increased the interest in high efficiency, low dissipation amplifiers. Class D amplifiers are the state of the art in low power consumption and high performance amplification. In this thesis we explore the possibility of exploiting nonlinearities introduced by the PWM modulation, by designing an optimized modulation law which scales its carrier frequency adaptively with the input signal's average power while preserving the SNR, thus reducing power consumption. This is achieved by means of a novel analytical model of the PWM output spectrum, which shows how interfering harmonics and their bandwidth affect the spectrum. This allows for frequency scaling with negligible aliasing between the baseband spectrum and its harmonics. We performed low noise power spectrum measurements on PWM modulations generated by comparing variable bandwidth, random test signals with a variable frequency triangular wave carrier. The experimental results show that power-optimized frequency scaling is both feasible and effective. The new analytical model also suggests a new PWM architecture that can be applied to digitally encoded input signals which are predistorted and compared with a cosine carrier, which is accurately synthesized by a digital oscillator. This approach has been simulated in a realistic noisy model and tested in our measurement setup. A zero crossing search on the obtained PWM modulation law proves that this approach yields an equivalent signal quality with respect to traditional PWM schemes, while entailing the use of signals whose bandwidth is remarkably smaller due to the use of a cosine instead of a triangular carrier.

Schemi numerici per filtri di diffusione non lineari applicati al denoising di immagini

La tesi tratta alcuni dei principali filtri di diffusione non lineari per il problema di denoising di immagini. In particolare pertendo dalla formulazione del problema come minimizzazione di un funzionale introduce modelli allo stato dell'arte come il filtro Lineare, di Perona Malik, alle Variazioni Totali e per Curvatura; infine un nuovo modello diffusivo sviluppato dal prof.Antonio Marquina è per la prima volta applicato al problema di denoising. Seguono numerosi schemi numerici alle differenze finite per risolverli, che generano procedimenti iterativi espliciti, impliciti e AOS. Verrà analizzato per la prima volta per il problema di denoising uno schema conservativo al prim'ordine e di ordine superiore, dopo evere proposto una modifica per rendere idoneo la funzione diffusività. Infine vi è un ampio capitolo con considerazioni numeriche e visive sui risultati sperimentali ottenuti.