Studio e implementazione di un algoritmo per il labeling di immagini

L’Image Labeling è una tecnica che si occupa di assegnare ad ogni pixel di un’immagine un valore, chiamato label (etichetta), in base a determinate caratteristiche dei punti vicini. Lo scopo del labeling è di semplificare e/o modificare la rappresentazione delle immagini al fine di ottenere qualcosa di più significativo e facile da analizzare.

Sviluppo di Metodi di Soft Labeling per la Multi-Document Summarization in Ambito Legale

In questo elaborato viene trattata l’analisi del problema di soft labeling applicato alla multi-document summarization, in particolare vengono testate varie tecniche per estrarre frasi rilevanti dai documenti presi in dettaglio, al fine di fornire al modello di summarization quelle di maggior rilievo e più informative per il riassunto da generare. Questo problema nasce per far fronte ai limiti che presentano i modelli di summarization attualmente a disposizione, che possono processare un numero limitato di frasi; sorge quindi la necessità di filtrare le informazioni più rilevanti quando il lavoro si applica a documenti lunghi. Al fine di scandire la metrica di importanza, vengono presi come riferimento metodi sintattici, semantici e basati su rappresentazione a grafi AMR. Il dataset preso come riferimento è Multi-LexSum, che include tre granularità di summarization di testi legali. L’analisi in questione si compone quindi della fase di estrazione delle frasi dai documenti, della misurazione delle metriche stabilite e del passaggio al modello stato dell’arte PRIMERA per l’elaborazione del riassunto. Il testo ottenuto viene poi confrontato con il riassunto target già fornito, considerato come ottimale; lavorando in queste condizioni l’obiettivo è di definire soglie ottimali di upper-bound per l’accuratezza delle metriche, che potrebbero ampliare il lavoro ad analisi più dettagliate qualora queste superino lo stato dell’arte attuale.

Ingegnerizzazione e design di nanoparticelle core-shell di magnetite/silice

In the past decade the study of superparamagnetic nanoparticles has been intensively developed for many biomedical applications such as magnetically assisted drug delivery, MRI contrast agents, cells separation and hyperthermia therapy. All of these applications require nanoparticles with high magnetization, equipped also with a suitable surface coating which has to be non-toxic and biocompatible. In this master thesis, the silica coating of commercially available magnetic nanoparticles was investigated. Silica is a versatile material with many intrinsic features, such as hydrophilicity, low toxicity, proper design and derivatization yields particularly stable colloids even in physiological conditions. The coating process was applied to commercial magnetite particles dispersed in an aqueous solution. The formation of silica coated magnetite nanoparticles was performed following two main strategies: the Stöber process, in which the silica coating of the nanoparticle was directly formed by hydrolysis and condensation of suitable precursor in water-alcoholic mixtures; and the reverse microemulsions method in which inverse micelles were used to confine the hydrolysis and condensation reactions that bring to the nanoparticles formation. Between these two methods, the reverse microemulsions one resulted the most versatile and reliable because of the high control level upon monodispersity, silica shell thickness and overall particle size. Moving from low to high concentration, within the microemulsion region a gradual shift from larger particles to smaller one was detected. By increasing the amount of silica precursor the silica shell can also be tuned. Fluorescent dyes have also been incorporated within the silica shell by linking with the silica matrix. The structure of studied nanoparticles was investigated by using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). These techniques have been used to monitor the syntetic procedures and for the final characterization of silica coated and silica dye doped nanoparticles. Finally, field dependent magnetization measurements showed the magnetic properties of core-shell nanoparticles were preserved. Due to a very well defined structure that combines magnetic and luminescent properties together with the possibility of further functionalization, these multifunctional nanoparticles are potentially useful platforms in biomedical fields such as labeling and imaging.

Optimisation of chemical lysis protocol for point-of-care leukocyte differentiation

The full blood cell (FBC) count is the most common indicator of diseases. At present hematology analyzers are used for the blood cell characterization, but, recently, there has been interest in using techniques that take advantage of microscale devices and intrinsic properties of cells for increased automation and decreased cost. Microfluidic technologies offer solutions to handling and processing small volumes of blood (2-50 uL taken by finger prick) for point-of-care(PoC) applications. Several PoC blood analyzers are in use and may have applications in the fields of telemedicine, out patient monitoring and medical care in resource limited settings. They have the advantage to be easy to move and much cheaper than traditional analyzers, which require bulky instruments and consume large amount of reagents. The development of miniaturized point-of-care diagnostic tests may be enabled by chip-based technologies for cell separation and sorting. Many current diagnostic tests depend on fractionated blood components: plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. Specifically, white blood cell differentiation and counting provide valuable information for diagnostic purposes. For example, a low number of WBCs, called leukopenia, may be an indicator of bone marrow deficiency or failure, collagen- vascular diseases, disease of the liver or spleen. The leukocytosis, a high number of WBCs, may be due to anemia, infectious diseases, leukemia or tissue damage. In the laboratory of hybrid biodevices, at the University of Southampton,it was developed a functioning micro impedance cytometer technology for WBC differentiation and counting. It is capable to classify cells and particles on the base of their dielectric properties, in addition to their size, without the need of labeling, in a flow format similar to that of a traditional flow cytometer. It was demonstrated that the micro impedance cytometer system can detect and differentiate monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes, which are the three major human leukocyte populations. The simplicity and portability of the microfluidic impedance chip offer a range of potential applications in cell analysis including point-of-care diagnostic systems. The microfluidic device has been integrated into a sample preparation cartridge that semi-automatically performs erythrocyte lysis before leukocyte analysis. Generally erythrocytes are manually lysed according to a specific chemical lysis protocol, but this process has been automated in the cartridge. In this research work the chemical lysis protocol, defined in the patent US 5155044 A, was optimized in order to improve white blood cell differentiation and count performed by the integrated cartridge.