Non linear application of an in-house finite elements software

Questa tesi si pone come obiettivo l'analisi delle componenti di sollecitazione statica di un serbatoio, in acciaio API 5L X52, sottoposto a carichi di flessione e pressione interna attraverso il programma agli elementi finiti PLCd4, sviluppato presso l'International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE - Barcelona). Questo tipo di analisi rientra nel progetto europeo ULCF, il cui traguardo è lo studio della fatica a bassissimo numero di cicli per strutture in acciaio. Prima di osservare la struttura completa del serbatoio è stato studiato il comportamento del materiale per implementare all'interno del programma una nuova tipologia di curva che rappresentasse al meglio l'andamento delle tensioni interne. Attraverso il lavoro di preparazione alla tesi è stato inserito all'interno del programma un algoritmo per la distribuzione delle pressioni superficiali sui corpi 3D, successivamente utilizzato per l'analisi della pressione interna nel serbatoio. Sono state effettuate analisi FEM del serbatoio in diverse configurazioni di carico ove si è cercato di modellare al meglio la struttura portante relativa al caso reale di "full scale test". Dal punto di vista analitico i risultati ottenuti sono soddisfacenti in quanto rispecchiano un corretto comportamento del serbatoio in condizioni di pressioni molto elevate e confermano la bontà del programma nell'analisi computazionale.

Radio halos in a mass-selected sample of galaxy clusters

A fraction of galaxy clusters host Mpc-scale Radio Halos (RH), generated by ultrarelativistic electrons in the magnetized intra cluster medium (ICM). In the current view they trace turbulent regions in merging clusters, where relativistic particles are trapped and accelerated. This model has clear expectations about the statistical properties of RHs. To test these expectations large mass-selected samples of galaxy clusters with adequate radio and X-ray data are necessary. We used the Planck SZ cluster catalogue as suitable starting point of our investigation, selecting clusters with M500>6x10^14 Msun at 0.08

Finite element modeling of the cement-bone interface beneath the tibial tray of a total knee arthroplasty: Study of the stress shielding effect (modellazione agli elementi finiti dell'interfaccia cemento-osso sotto il piatto tibiale di protesi totale di ginocchio: Analisi dello stress shielding)

The goal of this thesis was the study of the cement-bone interface in the tibial component of a cemented total knee prosthesis. One of the things you can see in specimens after in vivo service is that resorption of bone occurs in the interdigitated region between bone and cement. A stress shielding effect was investigated as a cause to explain bone resorption. Stress shielding occurs when bone is loaded less than physiological and therefore it starts remodeling according to the new loading conditions. µCT images were used to obtain 3D models of the bone and cement structure and a Finite Element Analysis was used to simulate different kind of loads. Resorption was also simulated by performing erosion operations in the interdigitated bone region. Finally, 4 models were simulated: bone (trabecular), bone with cement, and two models of bone with cement after progressive erosions of the bone. Compression, tension and shear test were simulated for each model in displacement-control until 2% of strain. The results show how the principal strain and Von Mises stress decrease after adding the cement on the structure and after the erosion operations. These results show that a stress shielding effect does occur and rises after resorption starts.

The contribution of the Finite Volume Point Dilution Method to the determination of solute mass flux in an alluvial aquifer.

Groundwater represents one of the most important resources of the world and it is essential to prevent its pollution and to consider remediation intervention in case of contamination. According to the scientific community the characterization and the management of the contaminated sites have to be performed in terms of contaminant fluxes and considering their spatial and temporal evolution. One of the most suitable approach to determine the spatial distribution of pollutant and to quantify contaminant fluxes in groundwater is using control panels. The determination of contaminant mass flux, requires measurement of contaminant concentration in the moving phase (water) and velocity/flux of the groundwater. In this Master Thesis a new solute flux mass measurement approach, based on an integrated control panel type methodology combined with the Finite Volume Point Dilution Method (FVPDM), for the monitoring of transient groundwater fluxes, is proposed. Moreover a new adsorption passive sampler, which allow to capture the variation of solute concentration with time, is designed. The present work contributes to the development of this approach on three key points. First, the ability of the FVPDM to monitor transient groundwater fluxes was verified during a step drawdown test at the experimental site of Hermalle Sous Argentau (Belgium). The results showed that this method can be used, with optimal results, to follow transient groundwater fluxes. Moreover, it resulted that performing FVPDM, in several piezometers, during a pumping test allows to determine the different flow rates and flow regimes that can occurs in the various parts of an aquifer. The second field test aiming to determine the representativity of a control panel for measuring mass flus in groundwater underlined that wrong evaluations of Darcy fluxes and discharge surfaces can determine an incorrect estimation of mass fluxes and that this technique has to be used with precaution. Thus, a detailed geological and hydrogeological characterization must be conducted, before applying this technique. Finally, the third outcome of this work concerned laboratory experiments. The test conducted on several type of adsorption material (Oasis HLB cartridge, TDS-ORGANOSORB 10 and TDS-ORGANOSORB 10-AA), in order to determine the optimum medium to dimension the passive sampler, highlighted the necessity to find a material with a reversible adsorption tendency to completely satisfy the request of the new passive sampling technique.