Surface-enhanced vibrational techniques for the detection of synthetic organic colorants

The research project object of this thesis is focused on the development of an advanced analytical system based on the combination of an improved thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate coupled with infrared (FTIR) and Raman microscopies for the detection of synthetic dyes. Indeed, the characterization of organic colorants, which are commonly present in mixtures with other components and in a very limited amount, still represents a challenging task in scientific analyses of cultural heritage materials. The approach provides selective spectral fingerprints for each compound, foreseeing the complementary information obtained by micro ATR-RAIRS-FTIR and SERS-Raman analyses, which can be performed on the same separated spot. In particular, silver iodide (AgI) applied on a gold coated slide is proposed as an efficient stationary phase for the discrimination of complex analyte mixtures, such as dyes present in samples of art-historical interest. The gold-AgI-TLC plate shows high performances related both to the chromatographic separation of analytes and to the spectroscopic detection of components. The use of a mid-IR transparent inorganic salt as the stationary phase avoids interferences of the background absorption in FTIR investigations. Moreover, by ATR microscopy measurements performed on the gold-AgI surface, a considerable enhancement in the intensity of spectra is observed. Complementary information can be obtained by Raman analyses, foreseeing a SERS activity of the AgI substrate. The method has been tested for the characterization of a mixture of three synthetic organic colorants widely used in dyeing processes: Brilliant Green (BG1), Rhodamine B (BV10) and Methylene Blue (BB9).

Synthesis and functionalization of a lactam-pyrazole molecular scaffold as a promising anticancer compound

The importance of pyrazole and lactam-based molecules in medical and pharmaceutical fields is underlined by the multitude of active ingredients on trade, such as Sildenafil or Apixaban, by Pfizer. In this work, a synthesis of an organic molecule with promising anticancer activity has been developed. This molecular scaffold is characterized by a δ-lactam-fused pyrazolic core, with a well-known biological activity and amenable of further functionalization. The synthetic strategy adopted for the obtainment of the core was based on a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a nitrilimine with an α,β-unsaturated δ-lactam. Secondly, in order to give the final compound an elevated pharmacological activity, a functionalization with a double “side chain”, namely molecular fragment able to improve the interaction with particular biological receptors, was achieved. The target compound was thus obtained, with a highly convergent synthesis, and will be tested for antiproliferative activities towards different cellular lines.

In vivo and in vitro effects of genistein as obesogenic/anti-obesogenic compound in the lipid metabolism of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Nowadays, soy is one of the most used ingredients in the formulation of fish feed, due to the ample market supply, lower market price, high protein concentration and favorable amino acid composition. Nevertheless, soybean meal products are rich and primary diet source of phytoestrogens, as genistein, which may have a potential negative impact on growth, hormonal regulation and lipid metabolism in fish. The principal aim of this study was to better understand in vivo and in vitro genistein’s effects on lipid metabolism of rainbow trout. In adipose tissue it was showed an unclear role of genistein on lipid metabolism in rainbow trout, and in liver an anti-obesogenic effect, with an up-regulation of autophagy-related genes LC3b (in adipose tissue) and ATG4b (in liver and adipose tissue), a down-regulation of apoptosis-related genes CASP3 (in adipose tissue) and CASP8 (in liver). An increase of VTG mRNA levels in liver was also observed. Genistein partially exerted these effects via estrogen- receptor dependent mechanism. In white muscle, genistein seemed to promote lipid turnover, up-regulating lipogenic (FAS and LXR) and lipolytic (HSL, PPARα and PPARβ) genes. It seemed that genistein could exert its lipolytic role via autophagic way (up-regulation of ATG4b and ATG12l), not through an apoptotic pathway (down-regulation of CASP3). The effects of genistein on lipid-metabolism and apoptosis-related genes in trout muscle were not dose-dependent, only on autophagy-related genes ATG4B and ATG12l. Moreover, a partial estrogenic activity of this phytoestrogen was also seen. Through in vitro analysis (MTT and ORO assay), instead, it was observed an anti-obesogenic effect of genistein on rainbow trout adipocytes, and this effect was not mediated by ERs. Both in vivo and in vitro, genistein exerted its effects in a dose-dependent manner.

Analisi del ciclo di lavorazione di un compound polimerico

La tesi riguarda il ciclo di lavorazione di un compound polimerico realizzato dall'impresa forlivese So.F.Ter. . Il prodotto in esame, Polifor E 30 TR/20 UV Nero, è un tecnopolimero a base di polipropilene utilizzato nel settore dell'automobile per la realizzazione del fascione sottoporta e del passaruota. La tesi si sviluppa su tre capitoli attraverso i quali si descrivono, nel primo capitolo, le materie plastiche in generale e i prodotti realizzati dall'impresa, nel secondo capitolo il ciclo di lavorazione completo partendo dalla fase di miscelazione arrivando all'estrusione e al taglio nei granuli plastici. Infine nel terzo capitolo si rappresentano le analisi fisiche, meccaniche e termiche realizzate in laboratorio.