Sistemi per la climatizzazione mediante pompe di calore geotermiche e pali energetici

We need a large amount of energy to make our homes pleasantly warm in winter and cool in summer. If we also consider the energy losses that occur through roofs, perimeter walls and windows, it would be more appropriate to speak of waste than consumption. The solution would be to build passive houses, i.e. buildings more efficient and environmentally friendly, able to ensure a drastic reduction of electricity and heating bills. Recently, the increase of public awareness about global warming and environmental pollution problems have “finally” opened wide possibility in the field of sustainable construction by encouraging new renewable methods for heating and cooling space. Shallow geothermal allows to exploit the renewable heat reservoir, present in the soil at depths between 15 and 20 m, for air-conditioning of buildings, using a ground source heat pump. This thesis focuses on the design of an air-conditioning system with geothermal heat pump coupled to energy piles, i.e. piles with internal heat exchangers, for a typical Italian-family building, on the basis of a geological-technical report about a plot of Bologna’s plain provided by Geo-Net s.r.l. The study has involved a preliminary static sizing of the piles in order to calculate their length and number, then the project was completed making the energy sizing, where it has been verified if the building energy needs were met with the static solution obtained. Finally the attention was focused on the technical and economical validity compared to a traditional system (cost-benefit analysis) and on the problem of the uncertainty data design and their effects on the operating and initial costs of the system (sensitivity analysis). To evaluate the performance of the thermal system and the potential use of the piles was also used the PILESIM2 software, designed by Dr. Pahud of the SUPSI’s school.

Progetto e sviluppo di un banco di prova per sistemi di determinazione e controllo d'assetto di CubeSat

Progettazione di dettaglio di un banco di prova per testare sistemi ADCS per CubeSat: Alma Test-Bed. Ci si è concentrati sul progetto di un primo nucleo di AlmaTB in grado di testare il controllo di tipo magnetico. Fanno parte di AlmaTB una gabbia di Helmholtz, un air-bearing system, un CubeSat di test, un metrology system. La gabbia di Helmholtz è un apparato costituito da tre coppie di bobine, una per ogni asse spaziale, che serve ad annullare il campo magnetico locale e simulare quello che si troverà in orbita attorno alla Terra. Un software ricava i dati del campo magnetico terrestre da modello IGRF a determinate coordinate e quota e fornisce agli alimentatori del set di bobine l'indicazione della corrente da distribuire. L'air-bearing system è un cuscinetto d'aria generato da un compressore che serve a ricreare le caratteristiche condizioni dell'ambiente spaziale di microgravità e attrito quasi-zero. Il CubeSat di test sarà montato su questo sistema. Il CubeSat di test, nella prima versione di AlmaTB, contiene i sensori e gli attuatori di tipo magnetico per determinare e controllare l'assetto di un nanosatellite. Il magnetometro presente all'interno è utilizzato anche come controllo del funzionamento della gabbia di Helmholtz. Il metrology system traccia i movimenti e l'inclinazione del CubeSat. Questo fornisce il riferimento di assetto vero, in modo da capire se il sistema ADCS lavora correttamente. Una volta che il banco di prova sarà completato e operativo sarà possibile testare algoritmi di determinazione e controllo di assetto che utilizzano diversi dispositivi tra sensori e attuatori disponibili nel mock-up. Su una workstation sono installati i software di controllo ed elaborazione dati. Si è scelto di procedere con un approccio di tipo "chiavi in mano", cioè scegliendo, quando disponibile, sistemi già completi e disponibili sul mercato. La prima versione di AlmaTB nasce dall'importante, vasto lavoro di matching tra i diversi apparati.

A study of air-sea interaction processes on water mass formation and upwelling in the Mediterranean sea

Air-sea interactions are a key process in the forcing of the ocean circulation and the climate. Water Mass Formation is a phenomenon related to extreme air-sea exchanges and heavy heat losses by the water column, being capable to transfer water properties from the surface to great depth and constituting a fundamental component of the thermohaline circulation of the ocean. Wind-driven Coastal Upwelling, on the other hand, is capable to induce intense heat gain in the water column, making this phenomenon important for climate change; further, it can have a noticeable influence on many biological pelagic ecosystems mechanisms. To study some of the fundamental characteristics of Water Mass Formation and Coastal Upwelling phenomena in the Mediterranean Sea, physical reanalysis obtained from the Mediterranean Forecating System model have been used for the period ranging from 1987 to 2012. The first chapter of this dissertation gives the basic description of the Mediterranean Sea circulation, the MFS model implementation, and the air-sea interaction physics. In the second chapter, the problem of Water Mass Formation in the Mediterranean Sea is approached, also performing ad-hoc numerical simulations to study heat balance components. The third chapter considers the study of Mediterranean Coastal Upwelling in some particular areas (Sicily, Gulf of Lion, Aegean Sea) of the Mediterranean Basin, together with the introduction of a new Upwelling Index to characterize and predict upwelling features using only surface estimates of air-sea fluxes. Our conclusions are that latent heat flux is the driving air-sea heat balance component in the Water Mass Formation phenomenon, while sensible heat exchanges are fundamental in Coastal Upwelling process. It is shown that our upwelling index is capable to reproduce the vertical velocity patterns in Coastal Upwelling areas. Nondimensional Marshall numbers evaluations for the open-ocean convection process in the Gulf of Lion show that it is a fully turbulent, three-dimensional phenomenon.