Statistical analysis of a viscoelastic turbulent channel flow

Statiscal analysis related to a viscoelastic turbulent channel flow characterized as dilute polymer solution.

Numerical study on viscoelastic behavior of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete subjected to temperature variations using LDPM theory

This thesis is focused on the viscoelastic behavior of macro-synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete (MSFRC) with polypropylene studied numerically when subjected to temperature variations (-30 oC to +60 oC). LDPM (lattice discrete particle model), a meso-scale model for heterogeneous composites, is used. To reproduce the MSFRC structural behavior, an extended version of LDPM that includes fiber effects through fiber-concrete interface micromechanics, called LDPM-F, is applied. Model calibration is performed based on three-point bending, cube, and cylinder test for plain concrete and MSFRC. This is followed by a comprehensive literature study on the variation of mechanical properties with temperature for individual fibers and plain concrete. This literature study and past experimental test results constitute inputs for final numerical simulations. The numerical response of MSFRC three-point bending test is replicated and compared with the previously conducted experimental test results; finally, the conclusions were drawn. LDPM numerical model is successfully calibrated using experimental responses on plain concrete. Fiber-concrete interface micro-mechanical parameters are subsequently fixed and LDPM-F models are calibrated based on MSFRC three-point bending test at room temperature. Number of fibers contributing crack bridging mechanism is computed and found to be in good agreement with experimental counts. Temperature variations model for individual constituents of MSFRC, fibers and plain concrete, are implemented in LDPM-F. The model is validated for MSFRC three-point bending stress-CMOD (crack mouth opening) response reproduced at -30 oC, -15 oC, 0 oC, +20 oC, +40 oC and +60 oC. It is found that the model can well describe the temperature variation behavior of MSFRC. At positive temperatures, simulated responses are in good agreement. Slight disagreement in negative regimes suggests an in-depth study on fiber-matrix interface bond behavior with varying temperatures.

Dinamica di una faglia con due asperità in presenza di accoppiamento viscoelastico

Il lavoro di tesi si propone di analizzare l'evoluzione dinamica di una faglia caratterizzata da due asperità complanari contraddistinte da diverso attrito (modello asimmetrico) e da accoppiamento viscoelastico. Il modello reologico assunto per la crosta terrestre è di tipo Maxwelliano: lo sforzo trasferito da un'asperità all'altra in occasione degli scorrimenti delle asperità stesse subisce parziale rilassamento durante il periodo intersismico, con conseguente anticipo o ritardo degli eventi sismici successivi. Lo studio del sistema viene condotto tramite un modello di faglia discreto, in cui lo stato della faglia è determinato da tre variabili che rappresentano i deficit di scorrimento delle asperità e il loro accoppiamento viscoelastico. Scopo principale della tesi è quello di caratterizzare i differenti modi dinamici del sistema, determinando equazioni del moto e orbite nello spazio delle fasi e confrontando i risultati ottenuti con i modelli precedentemente sviluppati, con particolare riferimento al caso simmetrico (asperità caratterizzate dallo stesso attrito) studiato in [Amendola e Dragoni (2013)] e al caso di accoppiamento puramente elastico analizzato in [Dragoni e Santini (2012)]. Segue l'applicazione del modello all'evento sismico verificatosi in Alaska nel 1964, generato dallo scorrimento delle asperità di Kodiak Island e Prince William Sound: lo studio verte in particolare sulla valutazione dello stato di sforzo sulla faglia prima e dopo il terremoto, la determinazione della funzione sorgente (moment rate) a esso associata e la caratterizzazione della possibile evoluzione futura del sistema. Riferimenti bibliografici Amendola, A. & Dragoni, M., “Dynamics of a two-fault system with viscoelastic coupling”. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 20, 1–10, 2013. Dragoni, M. & Santini, S., “Long-term dynamics of a fault with two asperities of different strengths”. Geophysical Journal International, 191, 1457–1467, 2012.

Rheological Characterization of Bitumen and Asphalt including the effect of Added-recycled Material

This thesis evaluates the rheological behaviour of asphalt mixtures and the corresponding extracted binders from the mixtures containing different amounts of Reclaimed Asphalt (RA). Generally, the use of RA is limited to certain amounts. The study materials are Stone Mastic Asphalts including a control sample with 0% RA, and other samples with RA rates of 30%, 60% and 100%. Another set of studied mixtures are Asphalt Concretes (AC) types with again a control mix having 0% RA rate and the other mixtures designs containing 30%, 60% and 90% of reclaimed asphalt which also contain additives. In addition to the bitumen samples extracted from asphalt mixes, there are bitumen samples directly extracted from the original RA. To characterize the viscoelastic behaviour of the binders, Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) tests were conducted on bitumen specimens. The resulting influence of the RA content in the bituminous binders are illustrated through master curves, black diagrams and Cole-Cole plots with regressing these experimental data by the application of the analogical 2S2P1D and the analytical CA model. The advantage of the CA model is in its limited number of parameters and thus is a simple model to use. The 2S2P1D model is an analogical rheological model for the prediction of the linear viscoelastic properties of both asphalt binders and mixtures. In order to study the influence of RA on mixtures, the Indirect Tensile Test (ITT) has been conducted. The master curves of different mixture samples are evaluated by regressing the test data points to a sigmoidal function and subsequently by comparing the master curves, the influence of RA materials is studied. The thesis also focusses on the applicability and also differences of CA model and 2S2P1D model for bitumen samples and the sigmoid function for the mixtures and presents the influence of the RA rate on the investigated model parameters.

Re-wetting potential of limestone filter cakes under mechanical decompression

During pressure filtration, the filter cake can experience deformation. When the filter cake exhibits elastic rheological behaviour, it expands while the pressure is released and, if adjacent liquid is present, re-wetting may occur. Such an expanding filter cake can pick up liquid already removed, worsening solid-liquid separation performances. Undesired phenomena such as filter cake re-wetting run contrary to solid-liquid separation performances and, specifically, to the separation target of obtaining a high dry solid content. At the industrial level, even a small quantity of liquid that can be additionally removed is beneficial. Re-wetting phenomenon is investigated using two different limestone materials and different filters and felts, respectively. Water storage capacity of filters and felts and elastic properties of filters, felts, and filter cakes are investigated. The elastic tests performed show that the filters and the felts are non-linear viscoelastic materials and can have a potential for re-wetting, while the limestone filter cakes are not showing measurable elastic deformation under decompression. However, during a filtration test an additional felt layer placed under the filter seems to result in a slightly higher cake dryness, i.e., an increase of the cake dryness by around 1% only. This difference may not be attributed to the re-wetting effect.