Verifica del livello di servizio di componenti della viabilità a Borgo Panigale. Intersezione Via Cavalieri Ducati - Via De Gasperi

Le intersezioni stradali, sono le aree individuate da tre o più tronchi stradali (archi) che convergono in uno stesso punto, nonchè dai dispositivi e dagli apprestamenti atti a consentire ed agevolare le manovre per il passaggio da un tronco all'altro. Rappresentano punti critici della rete viaria per effetto delle mutue interferenze tra le diverse correnti di traffico durante il loro attraversamento. Si acuiscono pertanto, nella loro "area di influenza", i problemi legati alla sicurezza e quelli relativi alla regolarità  ed efficienza della circolazione. Dalla numerosità  dei fattori da cui dipende la configurazione di un incrocio (numero e tipo di strade, entità  dei flussi, situazioni locali, ecc.) deriva una ancor più vasta gamma di tipologie e di schemi. La rotatoria, come particolare configurazione di intersezione a raso, è lo schema che viene considerato nel presente lavoro di tesi, sia nei suoi caratteri essenziali e generali, sia nel particolare di una intersezione che, nel Comune di Bologna, è stata realizzata in luogo dell'intersezione semaforizzata precedente.

Engineering Concurrent and Event-driven Web Apps: An Agent-Oriented Approach based on the simpAL Language

Web is constantly evolving, thanks to the 2.0 transition, HTML5 new features and the coming of cloud-computing, the gap between Web and traditional desktop applications is tailing off. Web-apps are more and more widespread and bring several benefits compared to traditional ones. On the other hand reference technologies, JavaScript primarly, are not keeping pace, so a paradim shift is taking place in Web programming, and so many new languages and technologies are coming out. First objective of this thesis is to survey the reference and state-of-art technologies for client-side Web programming focusing in particular on what concerns concurrency and asynchronous programming. Taking into account the problems that affect existing technologies, we finally design simpAL-web, an innovative approach to tackle Web-apps development, based on the Agent-oriented programming abstraction and the simpAL language. == Versione in italiano: Il Web è in continua evoluzione, grazie alla transizione verso il 2.0, alle nuove funzionalità introdotte con HTML5 ed all’avvento del cloud-computing, il divario tra le applicazioni Web e quelle desktop tradizionali va assottigliandosi. Le Web-apps sono sempre più diffuse e presentano diversi vantaggi rispetto a quelle tradizionali. D’altra parte le tecnologie di riferimento, JavaScript in primis, non stanno tenendo il passo, motivo per cui la programmazione Web sta andando incontro ad un cambio di paradigma e nuovi linguaggi e tecnologie stanno spuntando sempre più numerosi. Primo obiettivo di questa tesi è di passare al vaglio le tecnologie di riferimento ed allo stato dell’arte per quel che riguarda la programmmazione Web client-side, porgendo particolare attenzione agli aspetti inerenti la concorrenza e la programmazione asincrona. Considerando i principali problemi di cui soffrono le attuali tecnologie passeremo infine alla progettazione di simpAL-web, un approccio innovativo con cui affrontare lo sviluppo di Web-apps basato sulla programmazione orientata agli Agenti e sul linguaggio simpAL.

Computing primal solutions with exact arithmetics in SCIP.

The research for exact solutions of mixed integer problems is an active topic in the scientific community. State-of-the-art MIP solvers exploit a floating- point numerical representation, therefore introducing small approximations. Although such MIP solvers yield reliable results for the majority of problems, there are cases in which a higher accuracy is required. Indeed, it is known that for some applications floating-point solvers provide falsely feasible solutions, i.e. solutions marked as feasible because of approximations that would not pass a check with exact arithmetic and cannot be practically implemented. The framework of the current dissertation is SCIP, a mixed integer programs solver mainly developed at Zuse Institute Berlin. In the same site we considered a new approach for exactly solving MIPs. Specifically, we developed a constraint handler to plug into SCIP, with the aim to analyze the accuracy of provided floating-point solutions and compute exact primal solutions starting from floating-point ones. We conducted a few computational experiments to test the exact primal constraint handler through the adoption of two main settings. Analysis mode allowed to collect statistics about current SCIP solutions' reliability. Our results confirm that floating-point solutions are accurate enough with respect to many instances. However, our analysis highlighted the presence of numerical errors of variable entity. By using the enforce mode, our constraint handler is able to suggest exact solutions starting from the integer part of a floating-point solution. With the latter setting, results show a general improvement of the quality of provided final solutions, without a significant loss of performances.

Distributed collision-free traffic management via vertex cover for multi-vehicle systems

In this thesis, we state the collision avoidance problem as a vertex covering problem, then we consider a distributed framework in which a team of cooperating Unmanned Vehicles (UVs) aim to solve this optimization problem cooperatively to guarantee collision avoidance between group members. For this purpose, we implement a distributed control scheme based on a robust Set-Theoretic Model Predictive Control ( ST-MPC) strategy, where the problem involves vehicles with independent dynamics but with coupled constraints, to capture required cooperative behavior.

Integrating mobile devices into a scalable Grid Computing architecture designed to perform distributed computations

The idea of Grid Computing originated in the nineties and found its concrete applications in contexts like the SETI@home project where a lot of computers (offered by volunteers) cooperated, performing distributed computations, inside the Grid environment analyzing radio signals trying to find extraterrestrial life. The Grid was composed of traditional personal computers but, with the emergence of the first mobile devices like Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), researchers started theorizing the inclusion of mobile devices into Grid Computing; although impressive theoretical work was done, the idea was discarded due to the limitations (mainly technological) of mobile devices available at the time. Decades have passed, and now mobile devices are extremely more performant and numerous than before, leaving a great amount of resources available on mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, untapped. Here we propose a solution for performing distributed computations over a Grid Computing environment that utilizes both desktop and mobile devices, exploiting the resources from day-to-day mobile users that alternatively would end up unused. The work starts with an introduction on what Grid Computing is, the evolution of mobile devices, the idea of integrating such devices into the Grid and how to convince device owners to participate in the Grid. Then, the tone becomes more technical, starting with an explanation on how Grid Computing actually works, followed by the technical challenges of integrating mobile devices into the Grid. Next, the model, which constitutes the solution offered by this study, is explained, followed by a chapter regarding the realization of a prototype that proves the feasibility of distributed computations over a Grid composed by both mobile and desktop devices. To conclude future developments and ideas to improve this project are presented.

Development and validation of the Multiple Remote Tower (MRT) for remote air traffic control

The symbol in air traffic control (ATC), essentially unchanged since the beginning of commercial air traffic early last century, is the characteristic control tower with its large, tilted windows, situated at an exposed location, and rising high above the airport. “Remote Tower” is changing the provision of Air Traffic Services (ATS) in a way that it is more service tailored, dynamically located and available when and where needed, enabled by digital solutions replacing the physical presence of controllers and control towers at aerodromes with a remotely provided Air Traffic Service for Multiple Aerodromes. The paper examines this phenomenon that will mark an epochal change, analysing the experiments and validations carried out in the last years.

Traffic Signal Optimization of Urban Arterial Network by Vehicle-to-Infrastructure

Urbanization has occasionally been linked to negative consequences. Traffic light system in urban arterial networks plays an essential role to the operation of transport systems. The availability of new Intelligent Transportation System innovations paved the way for connecting vehicles and road infrastructure. GLOSA, or the Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory, is a recent integration of vehicle-to-everything (v2x) technology. This thesis emphasized GLOSA system's potential as a tool for addressing traffic signal optimization. GLOSA serves as an advisory to drivers, informing them of the speed they must maintain to reduce waiting time. The considered study area in this thesis is the Via Aurelio Saffi – Via Emilia Ponente corridor in the Metropolitan City of Bologna which has several signalized intersections. Several simulation runs were performed in SUMOPy software on each peak-hour period (morning and afternoon) using recent actual traffic count data. GLOSA devices were placed on a 300m GLOSA distance. Considering the morning peak-hour, GLOSA outperformed the actuated traffic signal control, which is the baseline scenario, in terms of average waiting time, average speed, average fuel consumption per vehicle and average CO2 emissions. A remarkable 97% reduction on both fuel consumption and CO2 emissions were obtained. The average speed of vehicles running through the simulation was increased as well by 7% and a time saved of 25%. Same results were obtained for the afternoon peak hour with a decrease of 98% on both fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, 20% decrease on average waiting time, and an increase of 2% in average speed. In addition to previously mentioned benefits of GLOSA, a 15% and 13% decrease in time loss were obtained during morning and afternoon peak-hour, respectively. Towards the goal of sustainability, GLOSA shows a promising result of significantly lowering fuel consumption and CO2 emissions per vehicle.