Dinamica del fitoplancton in relazione alle variabili abiotiche con particolare attenzione alle specie dannose

Negli ultimi decenni nell’Alto Adriatico, in particolare lungo la costa dell’Emilia-Romagna, si sono verificati fenomeni eutrofici con lo svilupparsi di “red tides”, con frequenza e intensità tali da aver assunto un aspetto cronico. Da questi episodi è nata l’esigenza sia di un efficiente monitoraggio dell’area, che viene svolto dal 1976 dalla Struttura Oceanografica Daphne (ARPA), sia di ricercare e studiare i meccanismi che guidano il processo. Questa zona è sotto stretta osservazione anche nell’ambito Direttiva europea 2008/56/CE, Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), in quanto l’alto Adriatico rappresenta la zona maggiormente a rischio per i fenomeni di eutrofizzazione e di bloom algali. Il lavoro di questa tesi nasce dalla necessità di approfondire diversi aspetti sollevati dalla MSFD che non vengono soddisfatti da una normale attività di monitoraggio. La frequenza e l’enorme mole di dati raccolti spesso non permette nè di riunire insieme per un unico sito tutti i parametri biotici e abiotici indicativi dello stato dell’ambiente, né di fare elaborazioni statistiche approfondite. Per fare questo sono state condotte in due siti prospicienti la località di Marina di Ravenna (costa emiliano-romagnola): DIGA SUD e GEOMAR, distanti rispettivamente 1.5 Km e 12 Km dalla costa, analisi quali-quantitative dei popolamenti fitoplanctonici presenti e concomitanti analisi dei parametri chimico-fisici (nutrienti, temperatura e salinità) dell’acqua. Il campionamento bimensile è iniziato ad aprile del 2013 ed è terminato ad ottobre dello stesso anno. Dai dati ottenuti dalle suddette analisi, avvalendosi di diversi strumenti statistici, si è cercato di capire se c’è differenza fra i due siti oggetto di studio in termini di variabili abiotiche ambientali e di popolazione fitoplanctonica dovuta ad effetto geografico (distanza dalla costa). Inoltre si è cercato di individuare come le variabili ambientali vadano ad influenzare la distribuzione dei diversi taxa fitoplanctonici e di segnalare l’eventuale presenza di specie microalgali potenzialmente tossiche e/o dannose.

De-authoring or Authoring?: A plunge into the question of authorship and language in J.M. Coetzee's Foe

J. M. Coetzee's Foe is not only a post-colonial novel, but it is also a re-writing of a classic, and its main themes are language, authorship, power and identity. Moreover, Foe is narrated by a woman, while written by a male, Nobel prize winning South African author. The aim of my tesina is to focus on the question of authorship and the role of language in Foe. Without any claim to be exhaustive, in the first section I will examine some selected extracts of Coetzee's book, in order to provide an analysis of the novel. These quotations will mainly be its metalinguistic parts and will be analysed in the “theory” sections of my work, relying on literary theory and on previous works on the novel. Among others, I will cover themes such as the relationship between speech and writing, the connection between writing, history, and memory, the role of silence and alternative ways of communicating and the relationship between literary authority and truth. These arguments will be the foundation for my second section, in which I will attempt to shed a light on the importance of the novel from a linguistic point of view, but always keeping an eye on the implication that this has on authorship. While it is true that it is less politically-permeated than Coetzee's previous works, Foe is above all a “journey of discovery” in the world of language and authorship. In fact, it becomes a warning for any person immersed in the ocean of language since, while everyone naturally tends to trust speech and writing as the only medium through which one can get closer to the truth, authority never is a synonym of reliability, and language is a system of communication behind which structures of power, misconceptions, lies, and treacherous tides easily hide.

Estimation of the ephemerides and gravity fields of the Galilean moons through orbit determination of the JUICE mission

Jupiter and its moons are a complex dynamical system that include several phenomenon like tides interactions, moon's librations and resonances. One of the most interesting characteristics of the Jovian system is the presence of the Laplace resonance, where the orbital periods of Ganymede, Europa and Io maintain a 4:2:1 ratio respectively. It is interesting to study the role of the Laplace Resonance in the dynamic of the system, especially regarding the dissipative nature of the tidal interaction between Jupiter and its closest moon, Io. Numerous theories have been proposed regarding the orbital evolution of the Galilean satellites, but they disagree about the amount of dissipation of the system, therefore about the magnitude and the direction of the evolution of the system, mainly because of the lack of experimental data. The future JUICE space mission is a great opportunity to solve this dispute. JUICE is an ESA (European Space Agency) L-class mission (the largest category of missions in the ESA Cosmic Vision) that, at the beginning of 2030, will be inserted in the Jovian system and that will perform several flybys of the Galilean satellites, with the exception of Io. Subsequently, during the last part of the mission, it will orbit around Ganymede for nine months, with a possible extension of the mission. The data that JUICE will collect during the mission will have an exceptional accuracy, allowing to investigate several aspects of the dynamics the system, especially, the evolution of Laplace Resonance of the Galilean moons and its stability. This thesis will focus on the JUICE mission, in particular in the gravity estimation and orbit reconstruction of the Galilean satellites during the Jovian orbital phase using radiometric data. This is accomplished through an orbit determination technique called multi-arc approach, using the JPL's orbit determination software MONTE (Mission-analysis, Operations and Navigation Tool-kit Environment).

A Comparative Analysis of Dynamical Models for Tidal Dissipation in Natural Satellite Ephemerides

The study of the tides of a celestial bodies can unveil important information about their interior as well as their orbital evolution. The most important tidal parameter is the Love number, which defines the deformation of the gravity field due to an external perturbing body. Tidal dissipation is very important because it drives the secular orbital evolution of the natural satellites, which is even more important in the case of the the Jupiter system, where three of the Galilean moons, Io, Europa and Ganymede, are locked in an orbital resonance where the ratio of their mean motions is 4:2:1. This is called Laplace resonance. Tidal dissipation is described by the dissipation ratio k2/Q, where Q is the quality factor and it describes the dampening of a system. The goal of this thesis is to analyze and compare the two main tidal dynamical models, Mignard's model and gravity field variation model, to understand the differences between each model with a main focus on the single-moon case with Io, which can help also understanding better the differences between the two models without over complicating the dynamical model. In this work we have verified and validated both models, we have compared them and pinpointed the main differences and features that characterize each model. Mignard's model treats the tides directly as a force, while the gravity field variation model describes the tides with a change of the spherical harmonic coefficients. Finally, we have also briefly analyzed the difference between the single-moon case and the two-moon case, and we have confirmed that the governing equations that describe the change of semi-major axis and eccentricity are not good anymore when more moons are present.