Monitoring the extracellular matrix mineralization processes in biological scaffolds using bioreactors, x-ray μct technology and 3-d modeling methods (monitoraggio dei processi di mineralizzazione della matrice extracellulare in scaffolds biologici, utilizzando bioreattore, tecnologia μct a raggi x e metodi di modellizzazione 3d)

Al fine di migliorare le tecniche di coltura cellulare in vitro, sistemi a bioreattore sono sempre maggiormente utilizzati, e.g. ingegnerizzazione del tessuto osseo. Spinner Flasks, bioreattori rotanti e sistemi a perfusione di flusso sono oggi utilizzati e ogni sistema ha vantaggi e svantaggi. Questo lavoro descrive lo sviluppo di un semplice bioreattore a perfusione ed i risultati della metodologia di valutazione impiegata, basata su analisi μCT a raggi-X e tecniche di modellizzazione 3D. Un semplice bioreattore con generatore di flusso ad elica è stato progettato e costruito con l'obiettivo di migliorare la differenziazione di cellule staminali mesenchimali, provenienti da embrioni umani (HES-MP); le cellule sono state seminate su scaffold porosi di titanio che garantiscono una migliore adesione della matrice mineralizzata. Attraverso un microcontrollore e un'interfaccia grafica, il bioreattore genera tre tipi di flusso: in avanti (senso orario), indietro (senso antiorario) e una modalità a impulsi (avanti e indietro). Un semplice modello è stato realizzato per stimare la pressione generata dal flusso negli scaffolds (3•10-2 Pa). Sono stati comparati tre scaffolds in coltura statica e tre all’interno del bioreattore. Questi sono stati incubati per 21 giorni, fissati in paraformaldehyde (4% w/v) e sono stati soggetti ad acquisizione attraverso μCT a raggi-X. Le immagini ottenute sono state poi elaborate mediante un software di imaging 3D; è stato effettuato un sezionamento “virtuale” degli scaffolds, al fine di ottenere la distribuzione del gradiente dei valori di grigio di campioni estratti dalla superficie e dall’interno di essi. Tale distribuzione serve per distinguere le varie componenti presenti nelle immagini; in questo caso gli scaffolds dall’ipotetica matrice cellulare. I risultati mostrano che sia sulla superficie che internamente agli scaffolds, mantenuti nel bioreattore, è presente una maggiore densità dei gradienti dei valori di grigio ciò suggerisce un migliore deposito della matrice mineralizzata. Gli insegnamenti provenienti dalla realizzazione di questo bioreattore saranno utilizzati per progettare una nuova versione che renderà possibile l’analisi di più di 20 scaffolds contemporaneamente, permettendo un’ulteriore analisi della qualità della differenziazione usando metodologie molecolari ed istochimiche.

Investigating strategies and indicators for sustainable campus: Comparison and synergies between University of Bologna and Delft University of Technology

Sustainable development is one of the biggest challenges of the twenty fist-century. Various university has begun the debate about the content of this concept and the ways in which to integrate it into their policy, organization and activities. Universities have a special responsibility to take over a leading position by demonstrating best practices that sustain and educate a sustainable society. For that reason universities have the opportunity to create the culture of sustainability for today’s student, and to set their expectations for how the world should be. This thesis aim at analyzing how Delft University of Technology and University of Bologna face the challenge of becoming a sustainable campus. In this context, both universities have been studied and analyzed following the International Sustainable Campus Network (ISCN) methodology that provides a common framework to formalize commitments and goals at campus level. In particular this work has been aimed to highlight which key performance indicators are essential to reach sustainability as a consequence the following aspects has been taken into consideration: energy use, water use, solid waste and recycling, carbon emission. Subsequently, in order to provide a better understanding of the current state of sustainability on University of Bologna and Delft University of Technology, and potential strategies to achieve the stated objective, a SWOT Analysis has been undertaken. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats have been shown to understand how the two universities can implement a synergy to improve each other. In the direction of framing a “Sustainable SWOT” has been considered the model proposed by People and Planet, so it has been necessary to evaluate important matters as for instance policy, investment, management, education and engagement. Regarding this, it has been fundamental to involve the main sustainability coordinators of the two universities, this has been achieved through a brainstorming session. Partnerships are key to the achievement of sustainability. The creation of a bridge between two universities aims to join forces and to create a new generation of talent. As a result, people can become able to support universities in the exchange of information, ideas, and best practices for achieving sustainable campus operations and integrating sustainability in research and teaching. For this purpose the project "SUCCESS" has been presented, the project aims to create an interactive European campus network that can be considered a strategic key player for sustainable campus innovation in Europe. Specifically, the main key performance indicators have been analyzed and the importance they have for the two universities and their strategic impact have been highlighted. For this reason, a survey was conducted with people who play crucial roles for sustainability within the two universities and they were asked to evaluate the KPIs of the project. This assessment has been relevant because has represented the foundation to develop a strategy to create a true collaboration.

Content and English Language Integrated Learning: The use of Moodle in Aircraft Maintenance Training Programs

The aim of this work is to develop a prototype of an e-learning environment that can foster Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) for students enrolled in an aircraft maintenance training program, which allows them to obtain a license valid in all EU member states. Background research is conducted to retrace the evolution of the field of educational technology, analyzing different learning theories – behaviorism, cognitivism, and (socio-)constructivism – and reflecting on how technology and its use in educational contexts has changed over time. Particular attention is given to technologies that have been used and proved effective in Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). Based on the background research and on students’ learning objectives, i.e. learning highly specialized contents and aeronautical technical English, a bilingual approach is chosen, three main tools are identified – a hypertextbook, an exercise creation activity, and a discussion forum – and the learning management system Moodle is chosen as delivery medium. The hypertextbook is based on the technical textbook written in English students already use. In order to foster text comprehension, the hypertextbook is enriched by hyperlinks and tooltips. Hyperlinks redirect students to webpages containing additional information both in English and in Italian, while tooltips show Italian equivalents of English technical terms. The exercise creation activity and the discussion forum foster interaction and collaboration among students, according to socio-constructivist principles. In the exercise creation activity, students collaboratively create a workbook, which allow them to deeply analyze and master the contents of the hypertextbook and at the same time create a learning tool that can help them, as well as future students, to enhance learning. In the discussion forum students can discuss their individual issues, content-related, English-related or e-learning environment-related, helping one other and offering instructors suggestions on how to improve both the hypertextbook and the workbook based on their needs.

The power of language and the language of power in M. T. Anderson’s Feed and Gary Stheyngart’s Super Sad True Love Story. A comparative analysis

The aim of my dissertation is to analyze how selected elements of language are addressed in two contemporary dystopias, Feed by M. T. Anderson (2002) and Super Sad True Love Story by Gary Shteyngart (2010). I chose these two novels because language plays a key role in both of them: both are primarily focused on the pervasiveness of technology, and on how the use/abuse of technology affects language in all its forms. In particular, I examine four key aspects of language: books, literacy, diary writing, as well as oral language. In order to analyze how the aforementioned elements of language are dealt with in Feed and Super Sad True Love Story, I consider how the same aspects of language are presented in a sample of classical dystopias selected as benchmarks: We by Yevgeny Zamyatin (1921), Brave New World by Aldous Huxley (1932), Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) by George Orwell, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury (1952), and The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood (1986). In this way, I look at how language, books, literacy, and diaries are dealt with in Anderson’s Feed and in Shteyngart’s Super Sad True Love Story, both in comparison with the classical dystopias as well as with one another. This allows for an analysis of the similarities, as well as the differences, between the two novels. The comparative analysis carried out also takes into account the fact that the two contemporary dystopias have different target audiences: one is for young adults (Feed), whereas the other is for adults (Super Sad True Love Story). Consequently, I also consider whether further differences related to target readers affect differences in how language is dealt with. Preliminary findings indicate that, despite their different target audiences, the linguistic elements considered are addressed in the two novels in similar ways.