Structural verification of the ESEO spacecraft: from launch loads analysis to composite panels verification

The present thesis work was performed in the frame of ESEO (European Student Earth Orbiter) project. The activities that are described in this document were carried out in the Microsatellites and Space Micro systems Lab led by Professor Paolo Tortora and in ALMASpace company facilities. The thesis deals with ESEO structural analysis, at system and unit level, and verification: after determining the design limit loads to be applied to the spacecraft as an envelope of different launchers load profiles, a finite element structural analysis was performed on the model of the satellite in order to ensure the capability to withstand the loads encountered during the launch; all the analyses were performed according to ESA standards and using the software MSC NASTRAN SIMXPERT. Amplification factors were derived and used to determine loads to be considered at unit level. In particular structural analyses were carried out on the GPS unit, the payload developed for ESEO by students of University of Bologna and results were used in the preparation of GPS payload design definition file. As for the verification phase a study on the panels and inserts to be used in the spacecraft was performed: different designs were created exploiting methods to optimize weight and mechanical behavior. The configurations have been analyzed and results compared to select the final design.

Design and implementation of the ESEO spacecraft simulator

The thesis work is developed under the European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO) project supported by the European Space Agency (ESA) in order to help prepare a well-qualified space-engineering workforce for Europe's future. In the following chapters we are going to analyse how to simulate some ESEO subsystem. First of all, the Thermal Subsystem that evaluates the temperature evolution of on-board instruments. For this purpose, simulating also the orbital and attitude dynamics of the spacecraft, it is necessary in order to evaluate external environmental fluxes. The Power Subsystem will be the following step and it models the ability of a spacecraft to produce and store electrical energy. Finally, we will integrate in our software a block capable of simulating the communication link between the satellite and the Ground Station (GS). This last step is designed and validated during the thesis preparation.

Geometric versus Model Predictive Control based guidance algorithms for fixed-wing UAVs in the presence of very strong wind fields.

The recent years have witnessed increased development of small, autonomous fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). In order to unlock widespread applicability of these platforms, they need to be capable of operating under a variety of environmental conditions. Due to their small size, low weight, and low speeds, they require the capability of coping with wind speeds that are approaching or even faster than the nominal airspeed. In this thesis, a nonlinear-geometric guidance strategy is presented, addressing this problem. More broadly, a methodology is proposed for the high-level control of non-holonomic unicycle-like vehicles in the presence of strong flowfields (e.g. winds, underwater currents) which may outreach the maximum vehicle speed. The proposed strategy guarantees convergence to a safe and stable vehicle configuration with respect to the flowfield, while preserving some tracking performance with respect to the target path. As an alternative approach, an algorithm based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) is developed, and a comparison between advantages and disadvantages of both approaches is drawn. Evaluations in simulations and a challenging real-world flight experiment in very windy conditions confirm the feasibility of the proposed guidance approach.

Advanced 4DT flight guidance and control software system

The work presented in this thesis has been part of a Cranfield University research project. This thesis aims to design a flight control law for large cargo aircraft by using predictive control, which can assure flight motion along the flight path exactly and on time. In particular this work involves the modelling of a Boeing C-17 Globemaster III 6DOF model (used as study case), by using DATCOM and Matlab Simulink software. Then a predictive control algorithm has been developed. The majority of the work is done in a Matlab/Simulink environment. Finally the predictive control algorithm has been applied on the aircraft model and its performances, in tracking given trajectory optimized through a 4DT Research Software, have been evaluated.

A travel-guidance engine for visually impaired people

Fino a pochi anni fa, usare i trasporti pubblici poteva essere fonte di confusione e richiedere la comprensione del sistema dei trasporti locali. Più tardi, con la diffusione di dispositivi con localizzazione GPS, reti dati cellulare e Google Maps (inizialmente Google Transit), tutto è cambiato, rendendo possibile la pianificazione di un viaggio mentre si è fuori casa. Nonostante Google Maps disponga di indicazioni stradali più o meno in tutto il mondo e mostri molte informazioni, alcune funzionalità, come l’integrazione degli orari in tempo reale, non sono disponibili in tutte le città, ma sono basate su accordi con le agenzie dei trasporti locali. GoGoBus è un’applicazione Android per l’ausilio al trasporto nella città di Bologna. Combinando diversi servizi, GoGoBus si rivolge a svariati tipi di utilizzatori: offre la pianificazione per i meno pratici del sistema e coloro che usano i trasporti pubblici raramente, dispone di orari in tempo reale per chi usa i mezzi frequentemente, e in più traccia la posizione dell’autobus, ha un supporto vocale e un’interfaccia semplice per persone con disabilità. Progettata appositamente per ipovedenti, l’aspetto più innovativo dell’applicazione è il suo supporto durante il percorso sull’autobus, integrato alla pianificazione del tragitto e agli orari aggiornati in tempo reale. Il sistema traccia la posizione dell’autobus attraverso il GPS del dispositivo mobile, la cui posizione è usata sia per riconoscere quando una fermata viene superata, sia per mostrare informazioni utili come la distanza dalla prossima fermata, il numero di fermate e i minuti rimanenti prima di scendere, e soprattutto notificare l’utente quando deve scendere. L’idea dietro GoGoBus è incrementare la fruibilità dei trasporti pubblici per non vedenti, ma anche per persone che li usano di rado, aumentando ampiamente la loro indipendenza, allo stesso tempo migliorando la qualità del servizio per chi usa i mezzi quotidianamente.