Life Cycle Assessment comparativo tra il processo di co-digestione della frazione organica dei rifiuti solidi urbani e dei fanghi di depurazione disidratati e il sistema di gestione attuale. Il caso di Bagnacavallo (RA)

Waste management is becoming, year after year, always more important both for the costs associated with it and for the ever increasing volumes of waste generated. The discussion on the fate of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) leads everyday to new solutions. Many alternatives are proposed, ranging from incineration to composting passing through anaerobic digestion. “For Biogas” is a collaborative effort, between C.I.R.S.A. and R.E.S. cooperative, whose main goal is to generate “green” energy from both biowaste and sludge anaerobic co-digestion. Specifically, the project include a pilot plant receiving dewatered sludge from both urban and agro-industrial sewage (DS) and the organic fraction of MSW (in 2/1 ratio) which is digested in absence of oxygen to produce biogas and digestate. Biogas is piped to a co-generation system producing power and heat reused in the digestion process itself, making it independent from the national grid. Digestate undergoes a process of mechanical separation giving a liquid fraction, introduced in the treatment plant, and a solid fraction disposed in landfill (in future it will be further processed to obtain compost). This work analyzed and estimated the impacts generated by the pilot plant in its operative phase. Once the model was been characterized, on the basis of the CML2001 methodology, a comparison is made with the present scenario assumed for OFMSW and DS. Actual scenario treats separately the two fractions: the organic one is sent to a composting plant, while sludge is sent to landfill. Results show that the most significant difference between the two scenarios is in the GWP category as the project "For Biogas" is able to generate “zero emission” power and heat. It also generates a smaller volume of waste for disposal. In conclusion, the analysis evaluated the performance of two alternative methods of management of OFMSW and DS, highlighting that "For Biogas" project is to be preferred to the actual scenario.

Messa a punto di metodi per la caratterizzazione meccanica in vitro di segmenti ossei

In the last decade, the mechanical characterization of bone segments has been seen as a fundamental key to understanding how the distribution of physiological loads works on the bone in everyday life, and the resulting structural deformations. Therefore, characterization allows to obtain the main load directions and, consequently, to observe the structural lamellae of the bone disposal, in order to recreate a prosthesis using artificial materials that behave naturally. This thesis will expose a modular system which provides the mechanical characterization of bone in vitro segment, with particular attention to vertebrae, as the current object of study and research in the lab where I did my thesis work. The system will be able to acquire and process all the appropriately conditioned signals of interest for the test, through dedicated hardware and software architecture, with high speed and high reliability. The aim of my thesis is to create a system that can be used as a versatile tool for experimentation and innovation for future tests of the mechanical characterization of biological components, allowing a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the deformation in analysis, regardless of anatomical regions of interest.