Flat roofs renovation: a life cycle approach for environmental impact assessment and economic effectiveness

The high energy consumption caused by the building sector and the continuous growth and ageing of the existing housing stock show the importance of housing renovation to improve the quality of the environment. This research compares the environmental performance of flat roof systems (insulation, roofing membrane and covering layer) using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The aim is to give indications on how to improve the environmental performance of housing. This research uses a reference building located in the Netherlands and considers environmental impacts related to materials, energy consumption for heating and maintenance activities. It indicates impact scores for each material taking into account interconnections between the layers and between the different parts of the life cycle. It compares the environmental and economic performances of PV panels and of different materials and thermal resistance values for the insulation. These comparisons show that PV panels are convenient from an environmental and economic point of view. The same is true for the insulation layer, especially for materials as PIR (polyisocyanurate) and EPS (expanded polystyrene). It shows that energy consumption for heating causes a larger share of impact scores than production of the materials and maintenance activities. The insulation also causes larger impact scores comparing to roofing membrane and covering layer. The results show which materials are preferable for flat roof renovation and what causes the largest shares of impact. This gives indication to the roofers and to other stakeholders about how to reduce the environmental impact of the existing housing stock.

Authoring tools and management information systems: study of a generalizable architecture

The need to effectively manage the documentation covering the entire production process, from the concept phase right through to market realise, constitutes a key issue in the creation of a successful and highly competitive product. For almost forty years the most commonly used strategies to achieve this have followed Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) guidelines. Translated into information management systems at the end of the '90s, this methodology is now widely used by companies operating all over the world in many different sectors. PLM systems and editor programs are the two principal types of software applications used by companies for their process aotomation. Editor programs allow to store in documents the information related to the production chain, while the PLM system stores and shares this information so that it can be used within the company and made it available to partners. Different software tools, which capture and store documents and information automatically in the PLM system, have been developed in recent years. One of them is the ''DirectPLM'' application, which has been developed by the Italian company ''Focus PLM''. It is designed to ensure interoperability between many editors and the Aras Innovator PLM system. In this dissertation we present ''DirectPLM2'', a new version of the previous software application DirectPLM. It has been designed and developed as prototype during the internship by Focus PLM. Its new implementation separates the abstract logic of business from the real commands implementation, previously strongly dependent on Aras Innovator. Thanks to its new design, Focus PLM can easily develop different versions of DirectPLM2, each one devised for a specific PLM system. In fact, the company can focus the development effort only on a specific set of software components which provides specialized functions interacting with that particular PLM system. This allows shorter Time-To-Market and gives the company a significant competitive advantage.

L'illusione della scrittura, le metamorfosi del labirinto. Le città invisibili di Calvino e il modello ovidiano.

Résumé: Par le biais de cette thèse, nous nous aventurons dans le monde des Villes invisibles d'Italo Calvino à travers un voyage qui nous portera à affronter des thèmes tels que l'insuffisance du langage pour décrire les multiples formes de la réalité ; l'importance de la relation entre l'oeil et l'esprit ; les instruments déployés par Italo Calvino pour atteindre son objectif: toucher du doigt l'essence même de la réalité. Pour ce faire, l'écrivain puisera dans une tradition séculaire d'oeuvres littéraires, y compris et surtout Ovide et ses Métamorphoses, qui fera l'objet dune étude plus poussée étant donné que Calvino et lui partagent la conviction que l'art et l'illusion qu'il comporte nous guident vers une réalité nouvelle. Nous finirons par l'étude de certains concepts récurrents dans la littérature en général, mais surtout dans celle de l'écrivain. Des thèmes comme l'échiquier, le labyrinthe ou encore la carte nous apparaissent comme autant de moyens employés par Calvino pour comprendre notre monde. Le tout à travers un voyage initiatique qui nous permettra non seulement de mieux comprendre la réalité dans laquelle nous vivons et par conséquent nous-même, mais aussi d'entrer dans l'esprit de l'auteur sans toutefois oublier que nous ne pouvons qu'effleurer la surface de ce dernier. Abstract: Through this thesis, we will enter the world of Italo Calvino's Invisible cities in a trip that will bring us to analyse subjects such as the language inadequacy when it comes to describing reality and its multiple forms ; the importance of the link between the eye and the mind ; the tools used by Italo Calvino in order to achieve his goal: reach the very essence of reality. To do so, the writer will make full use of a tradition that comes from centuries of literary books, included and most of all Ovid and his Metamorphoses, which we will study more deeply as Calvino shares with him the belief that art and illusion that derives from it, bring us towards a new reality. Finally, we will analyse some topics which are generally recurrent not only in literature, but also in Calvino's work. Topics such as chessboard, labyrinth, map that are may different ways used by Calvino to understand our world. All of this will take us through an initiatory trip that will allow us not only to better understand the reality we live in and therefore ourselves, but also to enter the writer's mind without however forgetting that we cannot but only scratch the surface of the latter.