Misura della sezione d'urto di produzione tt-barra nel canale adronico in collisioni pp con radice di s = 8tev a cms

La sezione d'urto di produzione per coppie tt-barra viene misurata utilizzando dati raccolti dall'esperimento CMS in collisioni protone-protone ad LHC, con energia nel sistema del centro di massa radice di s = 8 TeV. Il campione raccolto corrisponde ad una luminosità integrata di 19.5 fb^-1. La misura viene effettuata su eventi che contano un numero di jet pari o superiore a 6, almeno due dei quali identificati come prodotto dell'adronizzazione di quark bottom. Il valore di sezione d'urto ottenuto è (260 pm 10 (stat)) pb, in accordo con le previsioni teoriche del Modello Standard.

Synthesis, characterization and crystallization of bionanocomposites based on PLLA, PCL and nanocellulose

In recent years, environmental concerns and the expected shortage in the fossil reserves have increased further development of biomaterials. Among them, poly(lactide) PLA possess some potential properties such as good ability process, excellent tensile strength and stiffness equivalent to some commercial petroleum-based polymers (PP, PS, PET, etc.). This biobased polymer is also biodegradable and biocompatible However, one great disadvantage of commercial PLA is slow crystallization rate, which restricts its use in many fields. Using of nanofillers is viewed as an efficient strategy to overcome this problem. In this thesis, the effect of bionanofillers in neat PLA and in blends of poly (L-lactide)(PLA)/poly(ε-Caprolactone) (PCL) has been investigated. The used nanofillers are: poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) and poly(L-lactide-b-ε-caprolactone) grafted on cellulose nanowhiskers and neat cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW). The grafting reaction of poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) and poly (L-lactide-b-caprolactone) on the nanocellulose has been performed by the grafting from technique. In this way the polymerization reaction it is directly initiated on the substrate surface. The condition of the reaction were chosen after a temperature and solvent screening. By non-isothermal an isothermal DSC analysis the effect of bionanofillers on PLA and 80/20 PLA/PCL was evaluated. Non-isothermal DSC scans show a nucleating effect of the bionanofillers on PLA. This effect is detectable during PLA crystallization from the glassy state. Cold crystallization temperature is reduced upon the addition of the poly(L-lactide-b-caprolactone) grafted on cellulose nanowhiskers that is most performing bionanofiller in acting as a nucleating agent. On the other hand, DSC isothermal analysis on the overall crystallization rate indicate that cellulose nanowhiskers are best nucleating agents during isothermal crystallization from the melt state. In conclusion, nanofillers have different behavior depending on the processing conditions. However, the efficiency of our nanofillers as nucleating agent was clearly demonstrated in both isothermal as in non-isothermal condition.

Characteristics of multijet t/t events reconstructed by CMS in pp collisions at 13 TeV

We present here a characterization of the Monte Carlo samples used at CMS in the current LHC run (Run 2, sqrt(s)=13 TeV) and we compare them to the ones used in the previous run (Run 1, sqrt(s)=8 TeV). We then use these samples to reconstruct the top quark mass from the all-hadronic decay products and we compare the efficiencies of the standard reconstruction method when applied to the two different samples. We finally find a way to improve the efficiency for 13 TeV samples by using jets reconstructed with a different algorithm, the Cambridge-Aachen algorithm.