Les conflits et les rapports de force dans la langue. Le dominant et le domine dans le domaine scolaire

La standardisation de la langue française a inévitablement eu des conséquences soit dans l’attitude de défense du français, soit dans l’inquiétude de ceux qui parlent une autre langue. Cette étude veut établir une comparaison entre le rapport langue du pouvoir/langues non officielles et le rapport professeur/élève en milieu scolaire. La distinction entre langue officielle et dites « langues minoritaires » sera mis en relation avec la langue des jeunes, qui, à l’école, se confrontent et entrent en collision avec la langue de leur professeur. En effet, les classes hétérogènes et l’influence de la langue maternelle auprès des élèves, fils d’immigrés, exposent les enseignants à toute une série de difficultés liées aux différences culturelles. Les dénonciations et les cas de violence dans les écoles mettront l’accent également sur l’opinion publique et sur le type de mesures mises en relief par les Institutions publiques. L’aire géographique prise en considération inclut Paris et ses environs même si quelques exemples d’enquêtes menées dans d’autres parties de la France et à l’étranger seront cités.

La traduzione del romanzo per ragazzi Apache - Girl Warrior di Tanya Landman: Un incontro tra storia, genere e culture.

This dissertation deals with the translation into Italian of selected passages from the Young Adult historical novel Apache – Girl Warrior by English author Tanya Landman. The book was chosen after contacting Italian publisher Settenove, dedicated to preventing gender-based violence through children's books and essays. The novel, set in the second half of the Nineteenth Century, tells the story of Siki, a fourteen years old Native American girl who decides to become a warrior in order to avenge her family, killed by the Mexicans. The story also deals with the contact and conflict between Native Americans and white settlers during the so-called Apache Wars. Chapter I deals with Apache's genre; it consists in an overview of the historical novel form and its diffusion, both in Italy and in the English-speaking world. Typical features and themes are also dealt with in this chapter. Chapter II is dedicated to Apache's author. Landman's other works and her mission as a writer are taken into account, as well as the inspirations that led her to writing the novel and the process of research on American history it involved. This chapter also includes a comparison between Tanya Landman's and Louise Erdrich's works. In chapter III, Apache is compared to two well-known novels for children and young adults, The little house on the prairie and Caddie Woodlawn; the aim of this is to demonstrate how widespread misrepresentations about Native Americans are in mainstream literature. Chapter IV analyzes the novel and serves as an introduction to its translation, focusing on its plot, themes, characters and language, while chapter V presents the passages I've chosen to translate; their translation can be found later in the same chapter. In chapter VI, I comment on the choices made during the translation process; translation problems are divided into culture-specific, stylistic, semantic and linguistic.

Ecologia, attivismo e traduzione: proposta di traduzione del saggio “Violence linguistique” di Marie-Claude Marsolier

L’obiettivo del presente elaborato è quello di proporre la traduzione dal francese all’italiano del saggio “Violence linguistique” di Marie-Claude Marsolier, tratto dal libro La pensée végane. 50 regards sur la condition animale, a cura di Renan Larue. Il primo capitolo dell’elaborato presenta l’analisi dell’opera nonché la relazione tra l’attività di traduzione e gli ambiti dell'ecologia e dell'attivismo, in particolar modo in riferimento al tema della condizione animale, argomento centrale nel saggio tradotto. Il contributo analizza infatti il ruolo del nostro linguaggio nel contribuire a rafforzare la distinzione tra animali ed esseri umani, ponendo questi ultimi in una posizione di superiorità rispetto ai primi. Segue, nel secondo capitolo, la proposta di traduzione del saggio, accompagnata da una nota prefativa che introduce la presenza di adattamenti rispetto al testo originale. Il terzo capitolo, infine, illustra le principali strategie traduttive adottate, ovvero le strategie che si sono rivelate più efficaci nella traduzione del testo in relazione ai temi trattati.