Verifica radioprotezionistica con tecniche Monte Carlo del bunker per radioterapia dell' ASMN-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia

Conoscere con dettaglio il campo di radiazione che si genera nell'utilizzo di un acceleratore lineare di elettroni durante una seduta di radioterapia è essenziale sia per i pazienti sia per gli operatori. L'utilizzo del codice Monte Carlo MCNPX 2.7.0 permette di stimare dati dosimetrici dettagliati in zone dove può essere complicato effettuare misurazioni.Lo scopo di questo lavoro è indagare il comportamento del fascio fotonico prodotto nel bunker di radioterapia dell'ASMN-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, valutando con precisione in particolare la produzione di fotoneutroni secondari. L'obiettivo è la verifica dell'efficacia delle barriere offerte dalla struttura tenendo in considerazione anche il canale di penetrazione degli impianti di servizio che costituisce un punto di fuga per le radiazioni.

Pulse shape studies of neutral particles with a liquid scintillator

The hadrontherapy exploits beams of charged particles against deep cancers. These ions have a depth-dose profile in which there is a little release of energy at the beginning of their path, whereas there is a sharp maximum, the Bragg Peak, near its end path. However, if heavy ions are used, the fragmentation of the projectile can happen and the fragments can release some dose outside the treatment volume beyond the Bragg peak. The fragmentation process takes place also when the Galactic Cosmic Rays at high energy hit the spaceship during space missions. In both cases some neutrons can be produced and if they interact with the absorbing materials nuclei some secondary particles are generated which can release energy. For this reason, studies about the cross section measurements of the fragments generated during the collisions of heavy ions against the tissues nuclei are very important. In this context, the FragmentatiOn Of Target (FOOT) experiment was born, and aims at measuring the differential and double differential fragmentation cross sections for different kinetic energies relevant to hadrontherapy and space radioprotection with high accuracy. Since during fragmentation processes also neutrons are produced, tests of a neutron detection system are ongoing. In particular, recently a neutron detector made up of a liquid organic scintillator, BC-501A with neutrons/gammas discrimination capability was studied, and it represents the core of this thesis. More in details, an analysis of the data collected at the GSI laboratory, in Darmstadt, Germany, is effectuated which consists in discriminating neutral and charged particles and then to separate neutrons from gammas. From this analysis, a preliminary energy-differential reaction cross-section for the production of neutrons in the 16O + (C_2H_4)_(n) and 16O + C reactions was estimated.