Simulatore di Rete NS3 per la valutazione delle prestazioni del sistema LTE

La tesi si incentra sullo studio del simulatore Network Simulator 3 per la simulazione di reti LTE. Si inizia con l'introduzione allo standard LTE, definendone le tecnologie utilizzate e le innovazioni apportate alle reti di comunicazione. Si introduce, quindi, il simulatore ns-3 e ci si sofferma sulle funzionalità utilizzate. Si prosegue con la presentazione e la valutazione di simulazioni del sistema LTE in scenari con uno o due eNodeB e uno o due utenti mobili per verificare il funzionamento del simulatore e del sistema LTE in termini di throughput, ritardi e di funzionalità di handover. Infine, si presentano simulazioni della rete LTE nello scenario di Bologna tramite l'utilizzo del route mobility model per la generazione di traffico realistico. I risultati mostrano il throughput medio percepito da ciascun utente in funzione della copertura effettuata e suggeriscono potenziali sviluppi futuri in termini di copertura e sviluppo di rete.

Simulation of visible light communications in vehicular networks

The rapid development in the field of lighting and illumination allows low energy consumption and a rapid growth in the use, and development of solid-state sources. As the efficiency of these devices increases and their cost decreases there are predictions that they will become the dominant source for general illumination in the short term. The objective of this thesis is to study, through extensive simulations in realistic scenarios, the feasibility and exploitation of visible light communication (VLC) for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) applications. A brief introduction will introduce the new scenario of smart cities in which visible light communication will become a fundamental enabling technology for the future communication systems. Specifically, this thesis focus on the acquisition of several, frequent, and small data packets from vehicles, exploited as sensors of the environment. The use of vehicles as sensors is a new paradigm to enable an efficient environment monitoring and an improved traffic management. In most cases, the sensed information must be collected at a remote control centre and one of the most challenging aspects is the uplink acquisition of data from vehicles. My thesis discusses the opportunity to take advantage of short range vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-roadside (V2R) communications to offload the cellular networks. More specifically, it discusses the system design and assesses the obtainable cellular resource saving, by considering the impact of the percentage of vehicles equipped with short range communication devices, of the number of deployed road side units, and of the adopted routing protocol. When short range communications are concerned, WAVE/IEEE 802.11p is considered as standard for VANETs. Its use together with VLC will be considered in urban vehicular scenarios to let vehicles communicate without involving the cellular network. The study is conducted by simulation, considering both a simulation platform (SHINE, simulation platform for heterogeneous interworking networks) developed within the Wireless communication Laboratory (Wilab) of the University of Bologna and CNR, and network simulator (NS3). trying to realistically represent all the wireless network communication aspects. Specifically, simulation of vehicular system was performed and introduced in ns-3, creating a new module for the simulator. This module will help to study VLC applications in VANETs. Final observations would enhance and encourage potential research in the area and optimize performance of VLC systems applications in the future.

Data dissemination over complex networks through gossip

This thesis offers a practical and theoretical evaluations about gossip-epidemic algorithms, comparing those most common in the literature with new proposed algorithms and analyzing their behavior. Tests have been executed using one hundred graphs that has been randomly generated by Large Unstructured NEtwork Simulator (LUNES), a simulation software provided by Parallel and Distributed Simulation Research Group (PADS), of the Department of Computer Science, Università di Bologna and simulated using Advanced RTI System (ARTÌS), based on the High Level Architecture standard. Literatures algorithms have been analyzed and taken as base for new algorithms.

Mac protocols for linear wireless (sensor) networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of a large number of sensor nodes, characterized by low power constraint, limited transmission range and limited computational capabilities [1][2].The cost of these devices is constantly decreasing, making it possible to use a large number of sensor devices in a wide array of commercial, environmental, military, and healthcare fields. Some of these applications involve placing the sensors evenly spaced on a straight line for example in roads, bridges, tunnels, water catchments and water pipelines, city drainages, oil and gas pipelines etc., making a special class of these networks which we define as a Linear Wireless Network (LWN). In LWNs, data transmission happens hop by hop from the source to the destination, through a route composed of multiple relays. The peculiarity of the topology of LWNs, motivates the design of specialized protocols, taking advantage of the linearity of such networks, in order to increase reliability, communication efficiency, energy savings, network lifetime and to minimize the end-to-end delay [3]. In this thesis a novel contention based Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol called L-CSMA, specifically devised for LWNs is presented. The basic idea of L-CSMA is to assign different priorities to nodes based on their position along the line. The priority is assigned in terms of sensing duration, whereby nodes closer to the destination are assigned shorter sensing time compared to the rest of the nodes and hence higher priority. This mechanism speeds up the transmission of packets which are already in the path, making transmission flow more efficient. Using NS-3 simulator, the performance of L-CSMA in terms of packets success rate, that is, the percentage of packets that reach destination, and throughput are compared with that of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol, de-facto standard for wireless sensor networks. In general, L-CSMA outperforms the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol.

Ago e filo 3.0: quali opportunità di business per l'artigianato locale con l'evoluzione dei social? C'è ancora spazio e visibilità per loro?

Con l’evoluzione dei social network e degli strumenti del 2.0 (blog, wiki, forum), internet si avvia verso nuove forme di business cui artigiani e pmi possono sfruttare per nuove opportunità, unendo social network e e-commerce e capire come si è evoluto il processo di creazione e finanziamento di un prodotto. La tesi è un viaggio per scoprire quali sono queste nuove opportunità per chi pratica artigianato a livello locale, e come è cambiata la figura stessa dell’artigiano, tra questi un nuovo movimento chiamato makers, che sfruttano i nuovi strumenti, tra cui anche mezzi rivoluzionari come la stampante 3D ora accessibile a tutti per creare oggetti e nuove idee. Sarà necessario capire quali sono le vetrine online dove e come poter vendere i nostri prodotti e profilare attraverso una segmentazione l’utente medio che già utilizza il social-commerce. In seguito si tratta il caso empirico di una start-up italiana, Blomming, una dei primi a differenziarsi dagli altri marketplace più famosi come contenitore adatto ad artigiani, ma non solo. Si seguiranno le varie fasi di crescita da un’idea, introduzione nel mercato fino alla direzione a cui si sta avviando con le ultime novità effettuando un’analisi dei rischi. Infine per capire tendenze e storie di chi sta già usando queste piattaforme è stato necessario fare un profilo dell’artigiano fai-da-te medio intervistando, e successivamente creando grafici, 100 artigiani che già vendono online.