N-Heterocyclic carbene complexes of silver, rhodium and iron: structures, dynamics and catalysis

The research performed in the framework of this Master Thesis has been directly inspired by the recent work of an organometallic research group led by Professor Maria Cristina Cassani on a topic related to the structures, dynamics and catalytic activity of N-heterocyclic carbene-amide rhodium(I) complexes1. A series of [BocNHCH2CH2ImR]X (R = Me, X = I, 1a’; R = Bz, X = Br, 1b’; R = trityl, X = Cl, 1c’) amide-functionalized imidazolium salts bearing increasingly bulky N-alkyl substituents were synthetized and characterized. Subsequently, these organic precursors were employed in the synthesis of silver(I) complexes as intermediate compounds on a way to rhodium(I) complexes [Rh(NBD)X(NHC)] (NHC = 1-(2-NHBoc-ethyl)-3-R-imidazolin-2-ylidene; X = Cl, R = Me (3a’), R = Bz (3b’), R = trityl (3c’); X = I, R = Me (4a’)). VT NMR studies of these complexes revealed a restricted rotation barriers about the metal-carbene bond. However, while the rotation barriers calculated for the complexes in which R = Me, Bz (3a’,b’ and 4a) matched the experimental values, this was not true in the trityl case 3c’, where the experimental value was very similar to that obtained for compound 3b’ and much smaller with respect to the calculated one. In addition, the energy barrier derived for 3c’ from line shape simulation showed a strong dependence on the temperature, while the barriers measured for 3a’,b’ did not show this effect. In view of these results and in order to establish the reasons for the previously found inconsistency between calculated and experimental thermodynamic data, the first objective of this master thesis was the preparation of a series of rhodium(I) complexes [Rh(NBD)X(NHC)] (NHC = 1-benzyl-3-R-imidazolin-2-ylidene; X = Cl, R = Me, Bz, trityl, tBu), containing the benzyl substituent as a chiral probe, followed by full characterization. The second objective of this work was to investigate the catalytic activity of the new rhodium compounds in the hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes for comparison purposes with the reported complexes. Another purpose of this work was to employ the prepared N-heterocyclic ligands in the synthesis of iron(II)-NHC complexes.

Tradurre la letteratura per l'infanzia: Little lou à Paris di Jean Claverie

La letteratura per l’infanzia è da molto tempo, ormai, oggetto di riscritture e traduzioni per permettere ai piccoli lettori di leggere, così come avviene per gli adulti, storie provenienti da ogni parte del mondo. La traduzione della letteratura per l’infanzia viene, però, ancora troppo spesso sottovalutata e subordinata in ordine di importanza e, soprattutto, di difficoltà alla traduzione letteraria vera e propria. L’origine di questo elaborato deriva, così, dalla mia volontà di approfondire la mia conoscenza di questo ambito della letteratura e di affrontare in prima persona tutte le sfide e le difficoltà con cui un traduttore di libri per l’infanzia è costretto a confrontarsi. Al centro del mio studio e del mio lavoro di traduzione vi è il libro per bambini Little Lou à Paris di Jean Claverie. Ciò che mi ha immediatamente colpita e affascinata di questo libro è lo stretto legame che l’autore, attraverso rapide pennellate color seppia, riesce a creare tra parole e immagini, tra ciò che viene raccontato e i tratti delicati dei disegni, ma soprattutto il modo in cui è qui rappresentato e descritto lo sguardo di un bambino sul mondo, su un mondo per lui nuovo e sconosciuto. La tesi si compone di quattro capitoli. Nel primo capitolo presenterò l’autore e la sua opera, seguirà, poi, nel secondo, un’analisi del testo di partenza e delle sue caratteristiche. Il terzo capitolo contiene la mia proposta di traduzione dell’intero libro di Jean Claverie, e infine, nel quarto ed ultimo capitolo, dopo aver illustrato i tratti principali della letteratura per l’infanzia e della sua traduzione, commenterò la mia proposta di traduzione spiegando e analizzando particolari scelte fatte nel corso del processo traduttivo.

Tradurre il genere documentario : Due proposte di sottotitolaggio del documentario Little Land a confronto

The aim of this thesis is to discuss the main translation issues encountered while performing a double version of the subtitles of the documentary “Little Land” from English into Italian. The main motivation behind my choice is a personal interest in the subtitling field applied to the documentary filmic genre. This project is divided into two parts. The first part constitutes the theoretical basis of the thesis and is divided in three chapters. The first chapter introduces the documentary “Little Land” and analyses its main features and characteristics. The second chapter is devoted to documentary studies and theory of documentary, including the historical overview of the changes of this filmic genre and an overview of its market potential in order to meet both the audience and the director’s requirements. The third chapter deals with audiovisual translation as a discipline, and analyses the main translation techniques adopted for the documentary genre: dubbing, voice-over and subtitling. The subtitling section is particularly rich, and a discussion of the use of double and pivot subtitles and the possibilities of subtitling for accessibility issues is included. The second part constitutes the practical development of the theories introduced and dealt with in the first part. Chapter four provides an overview of the history of the Cineteca di Bologna, for whom I worked as a subtitler, and explains the guide lines and equipment required in order to perform the manual launch of the subtitles during their festival Human Rights Nights. The fifth and final chapter provides an analysis of the second version of the subtitles, meant for TV broadcasting, and highlights the main issues encountered during the translation process, both from a structural and a lexical point of view. A discussion of the different translation strategies adopted is provided, in a constant comparison with the first version of the subtitles. The function of self-reflection and self-observation in translation is also examined. Appendix A and B contain the interviews with “Little Land”’s director and protagonist respectively, Appendix C contains the subtitles table.