Laboratory and field investigation of the performance of suction drains, a novel low-carbon technology for ground stabilization

Con riferimento alla realizzazione di tunnel per servizi interrati, l’incertezza che contraddistingue il quadro geologico, oltre che incidere sui costi, riveste un ruolo chiave nella progettazione preliminare. Sebbene un’approfondita caratterizzazione geotecnica e geologica del volume di terreno inerente l’opera di scavo sia generalmente parte integrante del progetto, non è comunque possibile eliminare del tutto tali incertezze per via dell’estensione del volume interessato oltre che per la disomogeneità che sempre contraddistingue il terreno. Generalmente, investigazioni in corso d’opera e interventi di stabilizzazione devono essere previsti per contenere i costi di perforazione ed ottimizzare la progettazione. Ad esempio, tra i metodi di esplorazione geotecnica figurano i tunnel pilota, i quali sono in grado di garantire un’ottimale caratterizzazione del quadro geotecnico del sottosuolo. Con riferimento agli interventi di stabilizzazione del terreno, adottabili laddove una perforazione tradizionale non consentirebbe il tunnelling, vi è un vasta gamma di scelta. Pertanto, da una prima analisi delle problematiche connesse al tunnelling emerge che la stabilizzazione delle facce di scavo riveste un’importanza e un risconto applicativo di prim’ordine. Questa tesi si inserisce all’interno di un progetto che promuove un’innovativa ed economica tecnica di stabilizzazione dei tunnel per suzione tenendo quindi conto dell’influenza della suzione sulla coesione non drenata.

Experimental analysis of a separation control device based on plasma technology

In this thesis effects of plasma actuators based on Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) technology over a NACA 0015 bidimensional airfoil have been analyzed in an experimental way, at low Reynolds number. Work developed on thesis has been carried on in partnership with the Department of Electrical Engineering of Università di Bologna, inside Wind Tunnel of the Applied Aerodynamic Laboratory of Aerospace Engineering faculty. In order to verify the effectiveness of these active control devices, the analysis has shown how actuators succeed in prevent boundary layer separation only in certain conditions af angle of attack and Reynolds numbers. Moreover, in this thesis actuators’ chordwise position effect has been also analyzed, together with the influence of steady and unsteady operations.

Ultra low power analog-to-information conversion by short-time compressed sensing

Il compressed sensing è un’innovativa tecnica per l’acquisizione dei dati, che mira all'estrazione del solo contenuto informativo intrinseco di un segnale. Ciò si traduce nella possibilità di acquisire informazione direttamente in forma compressa, riducendo la quantità di risorse richieste per tale operazione. In questa tesi è sviluppata un'architettura hardware per l'acquisizione di segnali analogici basata sul compressed sensing, specializzata al campionamento con consumo di potenza ridotto di segnali biomedicali a basse frequenze. Lo studio è svolto a livello di sistema mediante l'integrazione della modulazione richiesta dal compressed sensing in un convertitore analogico-digitale ad approssimazioni successive, modificandone la logica di controllo. Le prestazioni risultanti sono misurate tramite simulazioni numeriche e circuitali. Queste confermano la possibilità di ridurre la complessità hardware del sistema di acquisizione rispetto allo stato dell'arte, senza alterarne le prestazioni.

Creep deflection of low-strength reinforced concrete flexural members strengthened with carbon fiber composite sheets

The low-strength concrete is defined as a concrete where the compressive cubic strength is less than 15 MPa. Since the beginning of the last century, many low-strength concrete buildings and bridges have been built all over the world. Being short of deeper study, composite sheets are prohibited in strengthening of low-strength reinforced concrete members (CECS 146; ACI 440). Moreover, there are few relevant information about the long-term behavior and durability of strengthened RC members. This fact undoubtedly limits the use of the composite materials in the strengthening applications, therefore, it is necessary to study the behaviours of low-strength concrete elements strengthened with composite materials (FRP) for the preservation of historic constructions and innovation in the strengthening technology. Deformability is one of criteria in the design of concrete structures, and this for functionality, durability and aesthetics reasons. Civil engineer possibly encounters more deflection problems in the structural design than any other type of problem. Many materials common in structural engineering such as wood, concrete and composite materials, suffer creep; if the creep phenomenon is taken into account, checks for serviceability limit state criteria can become onerous, because the creep deformation in these materials is in the same order of magnitude as the elastic deformation. The thesis presents the results of an experimental study on the long-term behavior of low-strength reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon fiber composite sheets (CFRP). The work has investigated the accuracy of the long-term deflection predictions made by some analytical procedures existing in literature, as well as by the most widely used design codes (Eurocode 2, ACI-318, ACI-435).

Characterization of a 3D-printed low-cost flexible dielectric material for the realization of innovative WPT wearable applications

The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that 3D-printing technologies can be considered significantly attractive in the production of microwave devices and in the antenna design, with the intention of making them lightweight, cheaper, and easily integrable for the production of wireless, battery-free, and wearable devices for vital signals monitoring. In this work, a new 3D-printable, low-cost resin material, the Flexible80A, is proposed as RF substrate in the implementation of a rectifying antenna (rectenna) operating at 2.45 GHz for wireless power transfer. A careful and accurate electromagnetic characterization of the abovementioned material, revealing it to be a very lossy substrate, has paved the way for the investigation of innovative transmission line and antenna layouts, as well as etching techniques, possible thanks to the design freedom enabled by 3D-printing technologies with the aim of improving the wave propagation performance within lossy materials. This analysis is crucial in the design process of a patch antenna, meant to be successively connected to the rectifier. In fact, many different patch antenna layouts are explored varying the antenna dimensions, the substrate etchings shape and position, the feeding line technology, and the operating frequency. Before dealing with the rectification stage of the rectenna design, the hot and long-discussed topic of the equivalent receiving antenna circuit representation is addressed, providing an overview of the interpretation of different authors about the issue, and the position that has been adopted in this thesis. Furthermore, two rectenna designs are proposed and simulated with the aim of minimizing the dielectric losses. Finally, a prototype of a rectenna with the antenna conjugate matched to the rectifier, operating at 2.45 GHz, has been fabricated with adhesive copper on a substrate sample of Flexible80A and measured, in order to validate the simulated results.