PEDOT:PSS thin films: Applications in Bioelectronics

Owing to their capability of merging the properties of metals and conventional polymers, Conducting Polymers (CPs) are a unique class of carbon-based materials capable of conducting electrical current. A conjugated backbone is the hallmark of CPs, which can readily undergo reversible doping to different extents, thus achieving a wide range of electrical conductivities, while maintaining mechanical flexibility, transparency and high thermal stability. Thanks to these inherent versatility and attracting properties, from their discovery CPs have experienced incessant widespread in a great plethora of research fields, ranging from energy storage to healthcare, also encouraging the spring and growth of new scientific areas with highly innovative content. Nowadays, Bioelectronics stands out as one of the most promising research fields, dealing with the mutual interplay between biology and electronics. Among CPs, the polyelectrolyte complex poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), especially in the form of thin films, has been emphasized as ideal platform for bioelectronic applications. Indeed, in the last two decades PEDOT:PSS has played a key role in the sensing of bioanalytes and living cells interfacing and monitoring. In the present work, development and characterization of two kinds of PEDOT:PSS-based devices for applications in Bioelectronics are discussed in detail. In particular, a low-cost amperometric sensor for the selective detection of Dopamine in a ternary mixture was optimized, taking advantage of the electrocatalytic and antifouling properties that render PEDOT:PSS thin films appealing tools for electrochemical sensing of bioanalytes. Moreover, the potentialities of this material to interact with live cells were explored through the fabrication of a microfluidic trapping device for electrical monitoring of 3D spheroids using an impedance-based approach.

Sinthesys of heteroleptic zinc complexes for imaging in living cells

This thesis arose from an interest in luminescence heteroleptic bis(dipyrrinato) Zn (II) complexes and their application in cell imaging, due to their attractive and fascinating characteristics. Among imaging technologies, near-infrared fluorescence imaging has been dedicated immense attention owing to its low absorption and autofluorescence from surrounding organism and tissues in this specific spectral region, which minimize background interference and improve tissue depth penetration. An ideal near-infrared probe should be equipped with excellence chemical and photophysical properties. The target of this work is the synthesis of new heteroleptic bis(dipyrrinato) Zn (II) complexes having two main features: the emission in the near-infrared region and water-solubility. In order to purse these intentions, the low-energy emission was achieved by expansion of π-conjugation of simple dipyrrins using Knoevenagel condensation106 and tri(ethylene)glycol chain was introduced to increase the water solubility of the final complex. Photophysical and luminescent properties of the new complexes were investigated. Finally, with a view to a potential biological use of these new complexes in biological environments, their biocompatibility was tested using a cell viability assay: (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2’-5’-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Sviluppo di un sensore elettrochimico modificato per la determinazione quantitativa di ammoniaca in fase gassosa

Oggigiorno, a causa dell’aumento delle emissioni gassose di ammoniaca, occorre far fronte alla necessità di salvaguardare l’ambiente e la salute degli esseri viventi. A tale scopo, stanno acquisendo sempre più interesse dispositivi portatili che forniscano quantificazioni accurate. Grazie alle interessanti prestazioni esibite dai transistor elettrochimici organici (OECTs) a base di PEDOT:PSS, per la quantificazione di analiti in ambiente acquoso, nasce l’idea di realizzare un sensore elettrochimico ad essi ispirato e in grado di effettuare determinazioni in fase gas. Si vuole realizzare una tipologia di sensore a due terminali che unisca l’elettronica di lettura semplificata, l’amplificazione del segnale e il basso apporto di energia necessario garantito dagli OECTs, ad una geometria adeguata anche per applicazioni non convenzionali. Tale dispositivo viene modificato tramite elettrodeposizione di particelle di IrO2 per rendere il canale polimerico sensibile alle variazioni di pH e sottoposto a dip coating in un idrogel semi-solido per garantire la presenza di un’interfaccia efficace tra il materiale sensibile e l’aria circostante in cui si vuole quantificare ammoniaca. Questo lavoro di tesi ha comportato una prima fase di progettazione del sensore, dove vengono valutati i parametri di deposizione e caratterizzazione delle particelle sintetizzate e del materiale composito finale, la corretta formulazione del substrato gel per un’interfaccia solido-gas efficace ed una seconda, dove l’attenzione è invece volta all’ottimizzazione della risposta elettrochimica e delle prestazioni del sensore, con particolare riguardo verso ripetibilità, riproducibilità delle misure, tempo di risposta e limite di rivelabilità. Al termine del lavoro si raggiunge l’ottimizzazione di un sensore elettrochimico a due terminali per la quantificazione di ammoniaca gassosa che, grazie alla sua geometria, si presta anche ad applicazioni wearable nel campo dei materiali intelligenti.

An approach to document classification using verb-object pairs

The aim of this thesis is to present a new approach to document classification using verb-object pairs. We explore one possible strategy that uses the presence of relevant verb-object pairs in documents as features and a Naive Bayes classifier as a classifier on which the model is trained. Then, we assess the results from the case study which uses a software based on the strategy and make conclusions.