Trattamento di matrici compostabili da RU mediante biostabilizzazione controllata, presso l'impianto Nuova Geovis, di Sant'Agata Bolognese

La relazione mira ad illustrare l'importanza del compostaggio, quale tecnologia per lo smaltimento dei rifiuti e recupero di risorse. Vengono descritti il processo di stabilizzazione aerobica, i meccanismi microbici e i parametri fisico-chimici che lo caratterizzano. E' evidenziata l'importanza della raccolta differenziata e della scelta delle matrici compostabili nell'ottimizzazione di questa biotecnologia spontanea per il trattamento di rifiuti e reflui organici putrescibili. E' sottolineato, inoltre, come una corretta gestione del processo permetta di valorizzare residui di varia natura trasformandoli in un buon compost, prodotto valido dal punto di vista agronomico e ambientale. Nella parte finale della relazione verrà inoltre descritto un impianto di compostaggio, presente nel territorio regionale, la Nuova Geovis di Sant'Agata Bolognese e dal punto di vista applicativo, verrà  costruito un modello, che permetta di legare l'andamento della temperatura all'andamento dell'IRD, Indice di Respirazione Dinamico, attraverso dati raccolti presso l'impianto, relativi ovviamente a Indice di Respirazione Dinamico (IRD) e temperatura. Questo anche per valutare il corretto del processo stesso.

Catch and by-catch analyses of tropical tuna fishery in the Gulf of Guinea from 2010 to 2012.

Canned tuna is one of the most widespread and recognizable fish commodities in the world. Over all oceans 80% of the total tuna catches are caught by purse seine fishery and in tropical waters their target species are: yellowfin (Thunnus albacares), bigeye (Thunnus obesus) and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis). Even if this fishing gear is claimed to be very selective, there are high levels of by-catch especially when operating under Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs). The main problem is underestimation of by-catch data. In order to solve this problem the scientific community has developed many specific programs (e.g. Observe Program) to collect data about both target species and by-catch with observers onboard. The purposes of this study are to estimate the quantity and composition of target species and by-catch by tuna purse seiner fishery operating in tropical waters and to underline a possible seasonal variability in the by-catch ratio (tunas versus by-catch). Data were collected with the French scientific program ”Observe” on board of the French tuna purse seiner “Via Avenir” during a fishing trip in the Gulf of Guinea (C-E Atlantic) from August to September 2012. Furthermore some by-catch specimens have been sampled to obtain more information about size class composition. In order to achieve those purposes we have shared our data with the French Institute of Research for the Development (IRD), which has data collected by observers onboard in the same study area. Yellowfin tuna results to be the main specie caught in all trips considered (around 71% of the total catches) especially on free swimming schools (FSC) sets. Instead skipjack tuna is the main specie caught under FADs. Different percentages of by-catch with the two fishing modes are observed: the by-catch incidence is higher on FADs sets (96.5% of total by-catch) than on FSC sets (3.5%) and the main category of by-catch is little-tuna (73%). When pooling data for both fishing sets used in purse seine fishery the overall by-catch/catch ratio is 5%, a lower level than in other fishing gears like long-lining and trawling.