Sintesi e caratterizzazione di nuovi cluster carbonilici Rh-Sb e Rh-Ge

The topic of my thesis was focused on the synthesis of heteroatomic Rh clusters stabilized by carbonyl ligands. I studied the reactivity of [Rh7(CO)16]3- with different Sb3+ and Ge4+ salts, and tried to synthesize new species by changing the reaction conditions. Indeed, in order to obtain new Rh-Sb and Rh-Ge clusters, I employed different stoichiometric ratios, solvents and atmospheres (N2 or CO). As far as the Rh-Sb system is concerned, I successfully synthesized three new compounds through two different reactions, namely [Rh20Sb3(CO)36][NEt4]3, [Rh21Sb2(CO)38][NEt4]5 and [Rh12Sb(CO)24][NEt4]3. At the same time, I investigated the Rh-Ge system and succeeded in the isolation of the new cluster [Rh14Ge2(CO)30][NEt4]2, along with [Rh12SbGePh2(CO)26][NEt4]2, by treating [Rh7(CO)16]3- with both Ge4+ and Sb3+ salts. Each compound has been characterized by IR spectroscopy, ESI-MS spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffractometry. Finally, I conduced chemical reactivity tests on some of the obtained compounds.

Studio del copolimero stirene-acrilonitrile mediante spettroscopia IR e correlazione bidimensionale

Lo studio di cambiamenti strutturali inter o intramolecolari nei materiali polimerici può essere effettuato mediante la spettroscopia infrarossa associata a quella di correlazione bidimensionale (2D-COS, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy). Questa tecnica, applicata a campioni del copolimero stirene-acrilonitrile (SAN) a diversa composizione, consente di interpretare variazioni spettrali riscontrate e l’andamento della temperatura di transizione vetrosa, Tg. L’applicazione della spettroscopia di correlazione bidimensionale (2D-COS) e l’analisi dell’intensità delle bande spettrali in funzione del contenuto di AN nel copolimero SAN, prevedono lo sviluppo di un metodo per correggere gli spettri IR da instabilità dovute alla linea di base e da variazioni derivanti dallo spessore dei film. A tal fine si sottopone lo spettro IR di ogni film di SAN alla correzione della linea di base e successivamente al processo di normalizzazione. La banda di vibrazione sottoposta ad analisi 2D-COS è quella corrispondente allo stretching del gruppo −C≡N in quanto presenta le maggiori variazioni in funzione della composizione del copolimero. La 2D-COS evidenzia che tali variazioni sono attribuibili alla variazione contemporanea di frequenza di assorbimento, larghezza e intensità di banda. A partire da questa osservazione si può dedurre la presenza nel materiale di un’interazione dipolo-dipolo di tipo intra-molecolare tra i gruppi nitrilici.

Towards NIR emission: 2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)pyridine as versatile ligand for the synthesis of two new families of cationic and neutral Ir(III) complexes.

In the last decades, cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes have drawn a large interest for their unique properties: they are excellent triplet state emitters, thus the emission is phosphorescent in nature; typically high quantum yields and good stability make them good candidates for luminescent materials. Moreover, through an opportune choice of the ligands, it is possible to tune the emission along the whole visible spectra. Thanks to these interesting features, Ir(III) complexes have found different applications in several areas of applied science, from OLEDs to bioimaging. In particular, regarding the second application, a remarkable red-shift in the emission is required, in order to minimize the problem of the tissue penetration and the possible damages for the organisms. With the aim of synthesizing a new family of NIR emitting Ir(III) complexes, we envisaged the possibility to use for the first time 2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)pyridine as bidentate ligand able to provide the required red-shift of the emission of the final complexes. Exploiting the versatility of the ligand, I prepared two different families of heteroleptic Ir(III) complexes. In detail, in the first case the 2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)pyridine was used as bis-chelating N^N ligand, leading to cationic complexes, while in the second case it was used as cyclometalating C^N ligand, giving neutral complexes. The structures of the prepared molecules have been characterised by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Moreover, the neutral complexes’ emissive properties have been measured: emission spectra have been recorded in solution at both room temperature and 77K, as well as in PMMA matrix. DFT calculation has then been performed and the obtained results have been compared to experimental ones.