Multitemporal analysis of satellite imagery: implementation of a land evolution model in ALCS (ATSR LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM)

In this report it was designed an innovative satellite-based monitoring approach applied on the Iraqi Marshlands to survey the extent and distribution of marshland re-flooding and assess the development of wetland vegetation cover. The study, conducted in collaboration with MEEO Srl , makes use of images collected from the sensor (A)ATSR onboard ESA ENVISAT Satellite to collect data at multi-temporal scales and an analysis was adopted to observe the evolution of marshland re-flooding. The methodology uses a multi-temporal pixel-based approach based on classification maps produced by the classification tool SOIL MAPPER ®. The catalogue of the classification maps is available as web service through the Service Support Environment Portal (SSE, supported by ESA). The inundation of the Iraqi marshlands, which has been continuous since April 2003, is characterized by a high degree of variability, ad-hoc interventions and uncertainty. Given the security constraints and vastness of the Iraqi marshlands, as well as cost-effectiveness considerations, satellite remote sensing was the only viable tool to observe the changes taking place on a continuous basis. The proposed system (ALCS – AATSR LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM) avoids the direct use of the (A)ATSR images and foresees the application of LULCC evolution models directly to „stock‟ of classified maps. This approach is made possible by the availability of a 13 year classified image database, conceived and implemented in the CARD project (http://earth.esa.int/rtd/Projects/#CARD).The approach here presented evolves toward an innovative, efficient and fast method to exploit the potentiality of multi-temporal LULCC analysis of (A)ATSR images. The two main objectives of this work are both linked to a sort of assessment: the first is to assessing the ability of modeling with the web-application ALCS using image-based AATSR classified with SOIL MAPPER ® and the second is to evaluate the magnitude, the character and the extension of wetland rehabilitation.

Life Cycle Assessment comparativo tra il processo di co-digestione della frazione organica dei rifiuti solidi urbani e dei fanghi di depurazione disidratati e il sistema di gestione attuale. Il caso di Bagnacavallo (RA)

Waste management is becoming, year after year, always more important both for the costs associated with it and for the ever increasing volumes of waste generated. The discussion on the fate of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) leads everyday to new solutions. Many alternatives are proposed, ranging from incineration to composting passing through anaerobic digestion. “For Biogas” is a collaborative effort, between C.I.R.S.A. and R.E.S. cooperative, whose main goal is to generate “green” energy from both biowaste and sludge anaerobic co-digestion. Specifically, the project include a pilot plant receiving dewatered sludge from both urban and agro-industrial sewage (DS) and the organic fraction of MSW (in 2/1 ratio) which is digested in absence of oxygen to produce biogas and digestate. Biogas is piped to a co-generation system producing power and heat reused in the digestion process itself, making it independent from the national grid. Digestate undergoes a process of mechanical separation giving a liquid fraction, introduced in the treatment plant, and a solid fraction disposed in landfill (in future it will be further processed to obtain compost). This work analyzed and estimated the impacts generated by the pilot plant in its operative phase. Once the model was been characterized, on the basis of the CML2001 methodology, a comparison is made with the present scenario assumed for OFMSW and DS. Actual scenario treats separately the two fractions: the organic one is sent to a composting plant, while sludge is sent to landfill. Results show that the most significant difference between the two scenarios is in the GWP category as the project "For Biogas" is able to generate “zero emission” power and heat. It also generates a smaller volume of waste for disposal. In conclusion, the analysis evaluated the performance of two alternative methods of management of OFMSW and DS, highlighting that "For Biogas" project is to be preferred to the actual scenario.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) Effectiveness in Performing Life Cycle Assessment of Building

The scope of this project is to study the effectiveness of building information modelling (BIM) in performing life cycle assessment in a building. For the purposes of the study will be used “Revit” which is a BIM software and Tally which is an LCA tool integrated in Revit. The project is divided in six chapters. The first chapter consists of a theoretical introduction into building information modelling and its connection to life cycle assessment. The second chapter describes the characteristics of building information modelling (BIM). In addition, a comparison has been made with the traditional architectural, engineering and construction business model and the benefits to shift into BIM. In the third chapter it will be a review of the most well-known and available BIM software in the market. In chapter four life cycle assessment (LCA) will be described in general and later on specifically for the purpose of the case study that will be used in the following chapter. Moreover, the tools that are available to perform an LCA will be reviewed. Chapter five will present the case study that consists of a model in a BIM software (Revit) and the LCA performed by Tally, an LCA tool integrated into Revit. In the last chapter will be a discussion of the results that were obtained, the limitation and the possible future improvement in performing life cycle assessment (LCA) in a BIM model.

Clinical applicability of an US model to calculate the head blood outflow through collateral vessels.

Le vene giugulari interne sembrano essere la via principale attraverso cui il sangue defluisce dal cervello verso il cuore, quando siamo in posizione supina. Nel 2008 il professor Paolo Zamboni ha scoperto che una diminuzione dell'attività giugulare può portare allo sviluppo di una condizione emodinamica chiamata CCSVI. Questa può causare ipossia, ritardi nella perfusione cerebrale e riduzione del drenaggio dei cataboliti, oltre ad un'attivazione infiammatoria delle piccole vene e dei tessuti vicini. Questa condizione è stata da subito associata alla sclerosi multipla e su questo argomento si sono dibattuti molti gruppi di ricerca. Inoltre, altre patologie sembrano essere associate alla CCSVI, come il morbo di Parkinson, l'Alzheimer e la sindrome di Meniere. Proprio quest'ultima è uno degli argomenti che attualmente interessa di più il gruppo di lavoro in cui mi sono inserita. Questa patologia comporta problemi uditivi, come sordità e tinnito, vertigini e nausea. Il gruppo Vascolar Disease Center (VDC) dell'Università di Ferrara ha previsto per l'anno 2015 uno studio multicentrico, in cui si cercherà di verificare la correlazione tra CCSVI e sindrome di Meniere. La mia tesi fa parte di un studio preliminare a quello multicentrico. All'inizio del lavoro mi sono dedicata ad un'analisi critica di un modello emodinamico per la quantificazione dei flussi sanguigni: il modello BMC, pubblicato nel 2013 dal gruppo VDC, effettuando in parallelo una ricerca bibliografica sullo stato dell'arte in materia. In seguito ho cominciato a studiare off-line diversi studi patologici e fisiologici, in modo da prendere confidenza con gli strumenti e con le metodologie da utilizzare. Sono stata poi coinvolta dal gruppo VDC per partecipare attivamente al miglioramento del protocollo legato al modello BMC. Infine ho analizzato, con due metodologie differenti, 35 studi effettuati su pazienti otorinolaringoiatrici. Con i risultati ottenuti ho potuto effettuare diverse analisi statistiche al fine di verificare l'equivalenza delle due metodologie. L'obiettivo ultimo era quello di stabilire quale delle due fosse la tecnica migliore da utilizzare, successivamente, nello studio multicentrico.

A novel marker for heart failure: Cross sectional area assessment in a large vein by conductance catheter.

The present study investigates the feasibility of a new application able to check the heart failure status in a patient through the estimation of the venous distension. In this way it would be possible to follow up patients, avoiding invasive or expensive exams such as cardiac catheterization and echocardiography. Moreover, the devices would also be able to diagnose the decline of the disease, in order to allow a new adaptation to therapy, and vice versa to check the improvement in the patient’s conditions after the CRT device implant. This thesis is essentially divided into three parts: an analytical model was used to obtain an estimation of the error committed for the calculation of the CSA and to understand how the accuracy and sensitivity depend on the different configurations of the electrodes and the catheter position inside the vein; secondly, an in-vitro experiment was carried out in order to verify the practical feasibility for these kinds of measurements, in a very simplified model; in the end, several animal experiments were done to test the in-vivo practicability of the proposed method. The obtained results showed the feasibility of this approach. In fact, the error committed in the estimation of CSA, during the animal experiments, can be considered acceptable (CSAerror_max ≈ -14%). Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the conductance catheter allows assessing, not only the vein CSA, but also the breathing of the animal.