2 resultados para Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)

em AMS Tesi di Laurea - Alm@DL - Università di Bologna


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Plastic solar cells bear the potential for large-scale power generation based on flexible, lightweight, inexpensive materials. Since the discovery of the photo-induced electron transfer from a conjugated polymer (electron-donor) to fullerene or its derivatives molecules (electron-acceptors), followed by the introduction of the bulk heterojunction concept which means donors and acceptors blended together to realize the fotoactive layer, materials and deposition techniques have been extensively studied. In this work, electrochemical-deposition methods of polymeric conductive films were studied in order to realize bulk heterojunction solar cells. Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass electrodes modified with a thin layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) were electrochemically prepared under potentiodynamic and potentiostatic conditions; then those techniques were applied for the electrochemical co-deposition of donor and acceptor on modified ITO electrode to produce the active layer (blend). For the deposition of the electron-donor polymer the electropolymerization of many functionalized thiophene monomers was investigated while, as regards acceptors, fullerene was used first, then the study was focused on its derivative PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester). The polymeric films obtained (PEDOT and blend) were electrochemically and spectrophotometrically characterized and the film thicknesses were evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Finally, to check the performances and the efficiency of the realized solar cells, tests were carried out under standard conditions. Nowadays bulk heterojunction solar cells are still poorly efficient to be competitively commercialized. A challenge will be to find new materials and better deposition techniques in order to obtain better performances. The research has led to several breakthroughs in efficiency, with a power conversion efficiency approaching 5 %. The efficiency of the solar cells produced in this work is even lower (lower than 1 %). Despite all, solar cells of this type are interesting and may represent a cheaper and easier alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels.

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Il contributo all’innalzamento del riscaldamento globale, prodotto dai combustibili fossili è un dei principali problemi ambientali. Le bioenergie potrebbero contribuire enormemente alla riduzione di questo fenomeno, sostituendo in parte i combustibili tradizionali di origine fossile. In questo contesto, può collocarsi il biodiesel prodotto a partire da oli vegetali, rappresentando una valida e strategica alternativa. Il biodiesel è una miscela di metil esteri di acidi grassi, [fatty acids methyl esters (FAME)], normalmente ottenuta tramite reazione di transesterificazione tra oli vegetali e alcol a catena corta in presenza di un catalizzatore acido o basico in catalisi sia omogena che eterogenea. Il biodiesel si colloca tra le materie prime di seconda generazione e può risultare una buona base di partenza per ottenere un biodiesel performante e con un basso costo finale.