Geometric properties of 2-dimensional minimal surfaces in a sub-Riemannian manifold which models the Visual Cortex

In this paper we study the notion of degree forsubmanifolds embedded in an equiregular sub-Riemannian manifold and we provide the definition of their associated area functional. In this setting we prove that the Hausdorff dimension of a submanifold coincides with its degree, as stated by Gromov. Using these general definitions we compute the first variation for surfaces embedded in low dimensional manifolds and we obtain the partial differential equation associated to minimal surfaces. These minimal surfaces have several applications in the neurogeometry of the visual cortex.

Computer aided design and finite element modeling to predict bulk mechanical properties of bone scaffolds using triply periodic minimal surfaces (progettazione assistita al calcolatore ed analisi con il metodo degli elementi finiti per predire il comportamento meccanico di scaffolds ossei creati con l'uso di superfici minime periodiche in tre direzioni)

The aim of Tissue Engineering is to develop biological substitutes that will restore lost morphological and functional features of diseased or damaged portions of organs. Recently computer-aided technology has received considerable attention in the area of tissue engineering and the advance of additive manufacture (AM) techniques has significantly improved control over the pore network architecture of tissue engineering scaffolds. To regenerate tissues more efficiently, an ideal scaffold should have appropriate porosity and pore structure. More sophisticated porous configurations with higher architectures of the pore network and scaffolding structures that mimic the intricate architecture and complexity of native organs and tissues are then required. This study adopts a macro-structural shape design approach to the production of open porous materials (Titanium foams), which utilizes spatial periodicity as a simple way to generate the models. From among various pore architectures which have been studied, this work simulated pore structure by triply-periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) for the construction of tissue engineering scaffolds. TPMS are shown to be a versatile source of biomorphic scaffold design. A set of tissue scaffolds using the TPMS-based unit cell libraries was designed. TPMS-based Titanium foams were meant to be printed three dimensional with the relative predicted geometry, microstructure and consequently mechanical properties. Trough a finite element analysis (FEA) the mechanical properties of the designed scaffolds were determined in compression and analyzed in terms of their porosity and assemblies of unit cells. The purpose of this work was to investigate the mechanical performance of TPMS models trying to understand the best compromise between mechanical and geometrical requirements of the scaffolds. The intention was to predict the structural modulus in open porous materials via structural design of interconnected three-dimensional lattices, hence optimising geometrical properties. With the aid of FEA results, it is expected that the effective mechanical properties for the TPMS-based scaffold units can be used to design optimized scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Regardless of the influence of fabrication method, it is desirable to calculate scaffold properties so that the effect of these properties on tissue regeneration may be better understood.

Funzioni BV e disuguaglianze isoperimetriche

All'interno della mia tesi verrà introdotta la teoria delle funzioni in R^{n} a variazione limitata (BV), seguendo le presentazioni di Lawrence C.Evans e Ronald F.Gariepy nel libro Measure Theory and Fine Properties of Functions e di Enrico Giusti nell'opera Minimal Surfaces and Functions of Bounded Variation. Le funzioni BV sono funzioni le cui derivate prime deboli sono misure di Radon, ossia misure di Borel regolari finite sui compatti. In particolare verranno anche analizzati gli insiemi E che hanno perimetro finito, ossia tali che la funzione indicatrice dell’insieme E sia una funzione BV. Nello specifico, nel primo capitolo verranno date le definizioni di funzioni BV e insiemi di perimetro finito, sia in una versione globale che in una locale, verrà enunciato un primo importante teorema per le funzioni BV e verrà analizzata la relazione tra funzioni di Sobolev e funzioni BV. Nel secondo capitolo, invece, verranno analizzate la semicontinuità inferiore, l'approssimazione con funzioni lisce e la compattezza di funzioni BV, mentre nel terzo capitolo verranno elencati alcuni risultati sulle funzioni BV riguardanti la Traccia, l'Estensione e la formula di Coarea. Infine, nel quarto ed ultimo capitolo, verranno studiate le disuguaglianze di Sobolev e Poincaré e le disuguaglianze isoperimetriche per funzioni BV.