Design of a GNSS receiver for the ESEO mission

This thesis was carried out inside the ESA's ESEO mission and focus in the design of one of the secondary payloads carried on board the spacecraft: a GNSS receiver for orbit determination. The purpose of this project is to test the technology of the orbit determination in real time applications by using commercial components. The architecture of the receiver includes a custom part, the navigation computer, and a commercial part, the front-end, from Novatel, with COCOM limitation removed, and a GNSS antenna. This choice is motivated by the goal of demonstrating the correct operations in orbit, enabling a widespread use of this technology while lowering the cost and time of the device’s assembly. The commercial front-end performs GNSS signal acquisition, tracking and data demodulation and provides raw GNSS data to the custom computer. This computer processes this raw observables, that will be both transferred to the On-Board Computer and then transmitted to Earth and provided as input to the recursive estimation filter on-board, in order to obtain an accurate positioning of the spacecraft, using the dynamic model. The main purpose of this thesis, is the detailed design and development of the mentioned GNSS receiver up to the ESEO project Critical Design Review, including requirements definition, hardware design and breadboard preliminary test phase design.

Design of compliant mechanisms and their application to morphing wing technology

This thesis describes a study conducted for the development of a new approach for the design of compliant mechanisms. Currently compliant mechanisms are based on a 2.5D design method. The applications for which compliant mechanisms can be used this way, is limited. The proposed research suggests to use a 3D approach for the design of CM’s, to better exploit its useful properties. To test the viability of this method, a practical application was chosen. The selected application is related to morphing wings. During this project a working prototype of a variable sweep and variable AoA system was designed and made for an SUAV. A compliant hinge allows the system to achieve two DOF. This hinge has been designed using the proposed 3D design approach. To validate the capabilities of the design, two methods were used. One of these methods was by simulation. By using analysis software, a basic idea could be provided of the stress and deformation of the designed mechanism. The second validation was done by means of AM. Using FDM and material jetting technologies, several prototypes were manufactured. The result of the first model showed that the DOF could be achieved. Models manufactured using material jetting technology, proved that the designed model could provide the desired motion and exploit the positive characteristics of CM. The system could be manufactured successfully in one part. Being able to produce the system in one part makes the need for an extensive assembly process redundant. This improves its structural quality. The materials chosen for the prototypes were PLA, VeroGray and Rigur. The material properties were suboptimal for its final purpose, but successful results were obtained. The prototypes proved tough and were able to provide the desired motion. This proves that the proposed design method can be a useful tool for the design of improved CM’s. Furthermore, the variable sweep & AoA system could be used to boost the flight performance of SUAV’s.

Design, preparazione e caratterizzazione di nanostrutture di DNA come candidati farmaci per terapia a RNA

Le terapie a RNA stanno attraendo interesse crescente vista la loro capacità di colpire target che venivano dapprima considerati undruggable. Uno degli ambiti di applicazione suggeriti della terapia a RNA è la neuroinfiammazione, una condizione patologica che accompagna e agisce da concausa nelle malattie neurodegenerative. In particolare, si è verificato che nei processi neuroinfiammatori, alcuni microRNA risultano sovra-regolati e tra questi miR-34a. Si è quindi proposto di sviluppare metodi atti a ridurre il contenuto cellulare di miR-34a soprattutto nelle cellule la cui attivazione causa maggiormente la neuroinfiammazione: la microglia. L’obiettivo del lavoro di tesi è stato di sviluppare una nanostruttura di DNA in grado di veicolare una sequenza catalitica (DNAzima) che porti al taglio del miR-34a, una volta internalizzata nelle cellule. Durante il lavoro di tesi si sono sviluppati 2 diversi dendrimeri di DNA pensati per ridurre il contenuto di miR-34a. I sistemi sono stati progettati con l’ausilio di strumenti bioinformatici e poi realizzati in laboratorio e caratterizzati con tecniche biochimiche. Il sistema più promettente è stato caratterizzato per quanto riguarda la sua attività enzimatica di taglio di miR-34a e l’efficienza di internalizzazione da parte di cellule vive di microglia. I risultati ottenuti confermano la solidità del metodo utilizzato per il design del sistema progettato. Le prove condotte sul dendrimero finale, contenente la sequenza attiva, dimostrano il mantenimento dell’attività catalitica del DNAzima e l’internalizzazione della nanostruttura nelle cellule bersaglio.