Prediction and measurement of forced response of a composite blade undergoing nonlinear vibration

The main objective of this project is to experimentally demonstrate geometrical nonlinear phenomena due to large displacements during resonant vibration of composite materials and to explain the problem associated with fatigue prediction at resonant conditions. Three different composite blades to be tested were designed and manufactured, being their difference in the composite layup (i.e. unidirectional, cross-ply, and angle-ply layups). Manual envelope bagging technique is explained as applied to the actual manufacturing of the components; problems encountered and their solutions are detailed. Forced response tests of the first flexural, first torsional, and second flexural modes were performed by means of a uniquely contactless excitation system which induced vibration by using a pulsed airflow. Vibration intensity was acquired by means of Polytec LDV system. The first flexural mode is found to be completely linear irrespective of the vibration amplitude. The first torsional mode exhibits a general nonlinear softening behaviour which is interestingly coupled with a hardening behaviour for the unidirectional layup. The second flexural mode has a hardening nonlinear behaviour for either the unidirectional and angle-ply blade, whereas it is slightly softening for the cross-ply layup. By using the same equipment as that used for forced response analyses, free decay tests were performed at different airflow intensities. Discrete Fourier Trasform over the entire decay and Sliding DFT were computed so as to visualise the presence of nonlinear superharmonics in the decay signal and when they were damped out from the vibration over the decay time. Linear modes exhibit an exponential decay, while nonlinearities are associated with a dry-friction damping phenomenon which tends to increase with increasing amplitude. Damping ratio is derived from logarithmic decrement for the exponential branch of the decay.

Compositi lana-geopolimero: produzione e caratterizzazione

Lo scopo di questo lavoro sperimentale ha riguardato l’ottimizzazione del processo di produzione di materiali compositi ecocompatibili per pannellature con proprietà termoisolanti e resistenza al fuoco, già oggetto di brevetto CNR. Questi compositi sono ottenuti miscelando fibre di lana di scarto in una matrice geopolimerica. Le fibre di lana, a base di cheratina, vengono parzialmente attaccate dalle soluzioni alcaline portando al rilascio di ammoniaca e a una degradazione del materiale. Questo fenomeno, che si verifica in modo non sistematico, è tanto più marcato quanto maggiori sono le dimensioni dei manufatti prodotti, in quanto aumenta il tempo in cui le fibre di lana rimangono nell’ambiente acquoso alcalino. Il fattore di scala risulta quindi essere determinante. È stata pertanto investigata la degradazione delle fibre di lana in ambiente acquoso alcalino necessario alla sintesi della matrice geopolimerica. Sono stati anche valutati diversi trattamenti volti a velocizzare l’essiccamento del composito e fermare contestualmente il rilascio di ammoniaca, quali: aumento dei tempi e delle temperature di postcura, vacuum bagging e liofilizzazione (freeze drying).