Production Lot Detection through Synthetic Generated Data

Correctness of information gathered in production environments is an essential part of quality assurance processes in many industries, this task is often performed by human resources who visually take annotations in various steps of the production flow. Depending on the performed task the correlation between where exactly the information is gathered and what it represents is more than often lost in the process. The lack of labeled data places a great boundary on the application of deep neural networks aimed at object detection tasks, moreover supervised training of deep models requires a great amount of data to be available. Reaching an adequate large collection of labeled images through classic techniques of data annotations is an exhausting and costly task to perform, not always suitable for every scenario. A possible solution is to generate synthetic data that replicates the real one and use it to fine-tune a deep neural network trained on one or more source domains to a different target domain. The purpose of this thesis is to show a real case scenario where the provided data were both in great scarcity and missing the required annotations. Sequentially a possible approach is presented where synthetic data has been generated to address those issues while standing as a training base of deep neural networks for object detection, capable of working on images taken in production-like environments. Lastly, it compares performance on different types of synthetic data and convolutional neural networks used as backbones for the model.

Knowledge-based Chord Embeddings

This thesis develops AI methods as a contribution to computational musicology, an interdisciplinary field that studies music with computers. In systematic musicology a composition is defined as the combination of harmony, melody and rhythm. According to de La Borde, harmony alone "merits the name of composition". This thesis focuses on analysing the harmony from a computational perspective. We concentrate on symbolic music representation and address the problem of formally representing chord progressions in western music compositions. Informally, chords are sets of pitches played simultaneously, and chord progressions constitute the harmony of a composition. Our approach combines ML techniques with knowledge-based techniques. We design and implement the Modal Harmony ontology (MHO), using OWL. It formalises one of the most important theories in western music: the Modal Harmony Theory. We propose and experiment with different types of embedding methods to encode chords, inspired by NLP and adapted to the music domain, using both statistical (extensional) knowledge by relying on a huge dataset of chord annotations (ChoCo), intensional knowledge by relying on MHO and a combination of the two. The methods are evaluated on two musicologically relevant tasks: chord classification and music structure segmentation. The former is verified by comparing the results of the Odd One Out algorithm to the classification obtained with MHO. Good performances (accuracy: 0.86) are achieved. We feed a RNN for the latter, using our embeddings. Results show that the best performance (F1: 0.6) is achieved with embeddings that combine both approaches. Our method outpeforms the state of the art (F1 = 0.42) for symbolic music structure segmentation. It is worth noticing that embeddings based only on MHO almost equal the best performance (F1 = 0.58). We remark that those embeddings only require the ontology as an input as opposed to other approaches that rely on large datasets.