Design of alternative energy storage systems for hybrid vehicles based on statistical processing of driving cycles information

Hybrid vehicles represent the future for automakers, since they allow to improve the fuel economy and to reduce the pollutant emissions. A key component of the hybrid powertrain is the Energy Storage System, that determines the ability of the vehicle to store and reuse energy. Though electrified Energy Storage Systems (ESS), based on batteries and ultracapacitors, are a proven technology, Alternative Energy Storage Systems (AESS), based on mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic devices, are gaining interest because they give the possibility of realizing low-cost mild-hybrid vehicles. Currently, most literature of design methodologies focuses on electric ESS, which are not suitable for AESS design. In this contest, The Ohio State University has developed an Alternative Energy Storage System design methodology. This work focuses on the development of driving cycle analysis methodology that is a key component of Alternative Energy Storage System design procedure. The proposed methodology is based on a statistical approach to analyzing driving schedules that represent the vehicle typical use. Driving data are broken up into power events sequence, namely traction and braking events, and for each of them, energy-related and dynamic metrics are calculated. By means of a clustering process and statistical synthesis methods, statistically-relevant metrics are determined. These metrics define cycle representative braking events. By using these events as inputs for the Alternative Energy Storage System design methodology, different system designs are obtained. Each of them is characterized by attributes, namely system volume and weight. In the last part the work, the designs are evaluated in simulation by introducing and calculating a metric related to the energy conversion efficiency. Finally, the designs are compared accounting for attributes and efficiency values. In order to automate the driving data extraction and synthesis process, a specific script Matlab based has been developed. Results show that the driving cycle analysis methodology, based on the statistical approach, allows to extract and synthesize cycle representative data. The designs based on cycle statistically-relevant metrics are properly sized and have satisfying efficiency values with respect to the expectations. An exception is the design based on the cycle worst-case scenario, corresponding to same approach adopted by the conventional electric ESS design methodologies. In this case, a heavy system with poor efficiency is produced. The proposed new methodology seems to be a valid and consistent support for Alternative Energy Storage System design.

Accessible information in a two-qubit system through the quantum steering ellipsoids formalism

Capire come ottenere l'informazione accessibile, cioè quanta informazione classica si può estrarre da un processo quantistico, è una delle questioni più intricate e affascinanti nell'ambito della teoria dell'informazione quantistica. Nonostante l'importanza della nozione di informazione accessibile non esistono metodi generali per poterla calcolare, esistono soltanto dei limiti, i più famosi dei quali sono il limite superiore di Holevo e il limite inferiore di Josza-Robb-Wootters. La seguente tesi fa riferimento a un processo che coinvolge due parti, Alice e Bob, che condividono due qubits. Si considera il caso in cui Bob effettua misure binarie sul suo qubit e quindi indirizza lo stato del qubit di Alice in due possibili stati. L'obiettivo di Alice è effettuare la misura ottimale nell'ottica di decretare in quale dei due stati si trova il suo qubit. Lo strumento scelto per studiare questo processo va sotto il nome di 'quantum steering ellipsoids formalism'. Esso afferma che lo stato di un sistema di due qubit può essere descritto dai vettori di Bloch di Alice e Bob e da un ellissoide nella sfera di Bloch di Alice generato da tutte le possibili misure di Bob. Tra tutti gli stati descritti da ellissoidi ce ne sono alcuni che manifestano particolari proprietà, per esempio gli stati di massimo volume. Considerando stati di massimo volume e misure binarie si è riuscito a trovare un limite inferiore all'informazione accessibile per un sistema di due qubit migliore del limite inferiore di Josza-Robb-Wootters. Un altro risultato notevole e inaspettato è che l'intuitiva e giustificata relazione 'distanza tra i punti nell'ellissoide - mutua informazione' non vale quando si confrontano coppie di punti ''vicine'' tra loro e lontane dai più distanti.

Authoring tools and management information systems: study of a generalizable architecture

The need to effectively manage the documentation covering the entire production process, from the concept phase right through to market realise, constitutes a key issue in the creation of a successful and highly competitive product. For almost forty years the most commonly used strategies to achieve this have followed Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) guidelines. Translated into information management systems at the end of the '90s, this methodology is now widely used by companies operating all over the world in many different sectors. PLM systems and editor programs are the two principal types of software applications used by companies for their process aotomation. Editor programs allow to store in documents the information related to the production chain, while the PLM system stores and shares this information so that it can be used within the company and made it available to partners. Different software tools, which capture and store documents and information automatically in the PLM system, have been developed in recent years. One of them is the ''DirectPLM'' application, which has been developed by the Italian company ''Focus PLM''. It is designed to ensure interoperability between many editors and the Aras Innovator PLM system. In this dissertation we present ''DirectPLM2'', a new version of the previous software application DirectPLM. It has been designed and developed as prototype during the internship by Focus PLM. Its new implementation separates the abstract logic of business from the real commands implementation, previously strongly dependent on Aras Innovator. Thanks to its new design, Focus PLM can easily develop different versions of DirectPLM2, each one devised for a specific PLM system. In fact, the company can focus the development effort only on a specific set of software components which provides specialized functions interacting with that particular PLM system. This allows shorter Time-To-Market and gives the company a significant competitive advantage.