Prove di caratterizzazione meccanica e materiale di solai compositi, realizzati secondo la tecnologia costruttiva del Pannello Sandwich

Il lavoro della tesi riguarda lo studio del comportamento di solai compositi, realizzati con tre strati di materiale. Questa metodologia costruttiva li fa ricadere nella tipologia strutturale del PANNELLO SANDWICH. Sono state condotte delle prove su campioni di materiali estratti da un provino di solaio, per determinare le caratteristiche meccaniche dei materiali stessi, poi sono state condotte le prove di carico su provini di solai integri, dai quali si sono ottenuti i diagrammi carico-spostamento. Successivamente sono state applicate due teorie sui pannelli sandwich, la teoria di Pantema e la teoria di Allen, allo scopo di vedere come riescano ad interpretare il comportamento sperimentale. Infine sono stati studiati i comportamenti agli SLE in termini di tensioni e frecce, e agli SLU in termini di capacità portante (taglio e momento flettente) secondo quanto dettato dal D.M. 14/01/2008.

Life Cycle Assessment comparativo tra il processo di co-digestione della frazione organica dei rifiuti solidi urbani e dei fanghi di depurazione disidratati e il sistema di gestione attuale. Il caso di Bagnacavallo (RA)

Waste management is becoming, year after year, always more important both for the costs associated with it and for the ever increasing volumes of waste generated. The discussion on the fate of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) leads everyday to new solutions. Many alternatives are proposed, ranging from incineration to composting passing through anaerobic digestion. “For Biogas” is a collaborative effort, between C.I.R.S.A. and R.E.S. cooperative, whose main goal is to generate “green” energy from both biowaste and sludge anaerobic co-digestion. Specifically, the project include a pilot plant receiving dewatered sludge from both urban and agro-industrial sewage (DS) and the organic fraction of MSW (in 2/1 ratio) which is digested in absence of oxygen to produce biogas and digestate. Biogas is piped to a co-generation system producing power and heat reused in the digestion process itself, making it independent from the national grid. Digestate undergoes a process of mechanical separation giving a liquid fraction, introduced in the treatment plant, and a solid fraction disposed in landfill (in future it will be further processed to obtain compost). This work analyzed and estimated the impacts generated by the pilot plant in its operative phase. Once the model was been characterized, on the basis of the CML2001 methodology, a comparison is made with the present scenario assumed for OFMSW and DS. Actual scenario treats separately the two fractions: the organic one is sent to a composting plant, while sludge is sent to landfill. Results show that the most significant difference between the two scenarios is in the GWP category as the project "For Biogas" is able to generate “zero emission” power and heat. It also generates a smaller volume of waste for disposal. In conclusion, the analysis evaluated the performance of two alternative methods of management of OFMSW and DS, highlighting that "For Biogas" project is to be preferred to the actual scenario.