Classificazione a faccette di obiettivi formativi dell’insegnamento universitario, nelle discipline umanistiche in Austria, Germania, Italia e Regno Unito

Il processo di riforma a carattere europeo che ha condotto alla nascita di uno Spazio Europeo dell’Istruzione Superiore ha conosciuto diverse tappe fondamentali, fra cui, per esempio, la ripartizione in cicli e l’adozione dei crediti ECTS. Una di queste tappe, ossia il passaggio da una pianificazione della didattica basata sui contenuti ad una basata sui risultati dell’apprendimento, ricopre un ruolo di primo piano nel presente progetto di dottorato. Lo studio qui descritto ha esaminato, da un punto di vista sintattico e semantico, un campione di obiettivi e risultati dell’apprendimento di insegnamenti di alcuni corsi di laurea di primo e secondo ciclo, delle scienze umanistiche, in Austria, Germania, Italia e Regno Unito. L’obiettivo del progetto è proporre uno schema per una classificazione a faccette di obiettivi dell’apprendimento denominato FLOC. Tale schema è adottato per classificare gli obiettivi dell’apprendimento di quattro contesti linguistico-culturali (nei paesi summenzionati), dando vita a FLOC-AT, FLOC-DE, FLOC-IT e FLOC-EN. Queste quattro classificazioni forniscono inoltre il contesto per un’analisi contrastiva multilingue fra unità di obiettivi di apprendimento.

How teachers think about the role of digital technologies in student assessment in mathematics

This study concerns teachers’ use of digital technologies in student assessment, and how the learning that is developed through the use of technology in mathematics can be evaluated. Nowadays math teachers use digital technologies in their teaching, but not in student assessment. The activities carried out with technology are seen as ‘extra-curricular’ (by both teachers and students), thus students do not learn what they can do in mathematics with digital technologies. I was interested in knowing the reasons teachers do not use digital technology to assess students’ competencies, and what they would need to be able to design innovative and appropriate tasks to assess students’ learning through digital technology. This dissertation is built on two main components: teachers and task design. I analyze teachers’ practices involving digital technologies with Ruthven’s Structuring Features of Classroom Practice, and what relation these practices have to the types of assessment they use. I study the kinds of assessment tasks teachers design with a DGE (Dynamic Geometry Environment), using Laborde’s categorization of DGE tasks. I consider the competencies teachers aim to assess with these tasks, and how their goals relate to the learning outcomes of the curriculum. This study also develops new directions in finding how to design suitable tasks for student mathematical assessment in a DGE, and it is driven by the desire to know what kinds of questions teachers might be more interested in using. I investigate the kinds of technology-based assessment tasks teachers value, and the type of feedback they give to students. Finally, I point out that the curriculum should include a range of mathematical and technological competencies that involve the use of digital technologies in mathematics, and I evaluate the possibility to take advantage of technology feedback to allow students to continue learning while they are taking a test.